Heredity Flashcards
Who is Mendel? How did he contribute to the field of genetics? What could have happened if Mendel did not study pea plants? (i.e. if he only had roses to study?
Mendel, an Austrian monk, studied pea plants and discovered the basic principles of heredity, including the Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment. Pea plants were ideal for his experiments due to their variety and ease of controlled mating, which may not have been as apparent in other plants, like roses.
Differentiate between the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment.
In the law of Independent Assortment genes for one trait are not inherited with genes or other traits, in the law or segregation the two alleles for the same trait separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Be able to solve probability questions. For example: In a cross between AaBBCcDD x AabbCcDd what is the probability that the offspring will be AaBbccDd?
The possibility that the offspring will be AaBbccDd is 1/32
A woman with type B blood has a child with a man who has type A blood. With this information, what are the possible genotypes for the woman? For the man?
Man’s Genotypes: BB or BO
Women’s Genotypes: AO
Explain why there are very few Y-linked disorders?
Because the Y-linked inheritance can only be passed down from father to son and there are very few because they are limited to males and transmitted through only one generation of males at a time.
What are the key events that happen in meiosis?
The key events that happen in meiosis are Prophase I, Metaphase I and Anaphase I
How is it possible that every gamete produced through meiosis has a unique combination of DNA?
independent assortment and crossing over contribute to genetic diversity, ensuring that each gamete contains a different combination of alleles.
In your own words, describe the three ways in which meiosis can lead to genetic variation.
Meiosis can lead to a genetic variation with crossing over, independent assortment of chromosomes and Random Fertilization
Compare and contrast sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction: Single individual, Offsprings are exact copies of parent, Mutations are the only source of variation
Sexual Reproduction: Two parents, Offsprings are unique combinations of genes from parents, genetically varied from parents and siblings
