Heredity Flashcards
Phenotype
observable traits
Genotype
name of the alleles
Heredity
traits that are passed on from parents to offspring
Gene
segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait
Alleles
variety of the same gene as in dimple or not dimple
offspring
baby
Traits
characteristics
Sexual reproduction
Requires male and female to produce offspring
Asexual Reproduction
Does not require male or female gametes to produce offspring
Mitosis
cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
meiosis
cell division that produces sex cells, each cell is unique
DNA
located in the nucleus of a cell, it is genetic material
Probability
a chance
Gametes
sex cells (egg or sperm)
Punnet square
diagram showing how male and female alleles might combine into a offspring
Fertilization
the process by which sperm and egg combine to form an offspring
Zygote
a fertilized egg (two haploids joined together)
Recessive
a gene that is expressed either with 1 or 2 copies of the alleles
Homozygous Recessive
2 copies of the same recessive alleles (small small letter: gg, ff)
Dominant
a gene that is expressed either with 1 or 2 copies
Homozygous dominant
2 copies of the same dominant alleles (big big letter: GG, FF)
heterozygous
a mixed gene with one dominant alleles and one recessive allele; ie.. Tt, Gg, Ff
Gregor Mendel
father of genetics. He experimented with pea plants
Cross Pollination
the crossing of genes between two flowers: done by insects, human, winds)
