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Herbology > Herbology 1 Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Herbology 1 Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What one should know when studying herbs

A 
Category Name
Properties:  Taste, Tempature, Channels Entered
Functions
Indications
Contra-Indications
Dosage Range
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2
Q

Four Qi or Temperature Characteristic

A

Five Designations:

Hot 熱 Re
Cold 寒 Han
Warm 溫 Wen
Cool 涼 Liang
Neutral 平 Ping

Slightly Cold 微寒 Wei Han
Slightly Warm 微溫 Wei Wen

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3
Q

Degree of tempature for temperature characteristics (5 designations)

A

Hot / Warm / Slightly Warm / Neutral / Slightly Cold / Cool / Cold

熱 / 溫 / 微溫 / 平 / 微寒 / 涼 / 寒

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4
Q

Rind of Watermelon

Xi Gua Pi

西瓜皮

A

Natural White Tiger Decoction

白虎湯

Clear Yang Ming Heat (Clearing 4 Bigs)

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5
Q

Garlic, Ginger, Scallion

A

Warming

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6
Q

Jing Jie

荊芥

A

Acrid, Slightly Warm (can be used for either Wind Cold or Wind Heat) because almost neutral

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7
Q

Additional temperature properties

A

Can fell hot and not have a fever (run around block; nervous)

Can have a fever and not feel hot (aversion to cold)

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8
Q

Ascriptions of Actions to Taste

A 
Sourness enters the Liver
Acridity enters the Lungs
Bitterness enters the Heart
Saltiness enters the Kidneys
Sweetness enters the Spleen
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9
Q

Five Tastes 味

A 
Acrid 辛
Sweet 甘
Bitter 苦
Sour 酸
Salty 咸

Bland 淡
Aromatic 香
Astringent 澀

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10
Q

Sourness Enters ___________

A

Liver

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11
Q

Acridity Enters _____________

A

Lungs

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12
Q

Bitterness Enters ____________

A

Heart

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13
Q

Saltiness Enters _____________

A

Kidneys

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14
Q

Sweetness Enters ____________

A

Spleen

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15
Q

Indications Vs. Contraindications

A

Indications are signs and symptoms

Contra-indications are like side effects, cautions

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16
Q

Functions of Acrid

Xin

A

Disperse and Move

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17
Q

Functions of Sweet

Gan

A

Tonify
Harmonize
and sometimes thought to Moisten

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18
Q

Functions of Bitter

Ku

A

Drain and Dry

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19
Q

Functions of Sour

Suan

A

Astringent & Prevent or Reverse the Abnormal Leakage of Fluids and Energy

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20
Q

Functions of Salty

Xian

A

Purge and Soften

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21
Q

Functions of Bland

Dan

A

No Taste

Leach out Dampness and Promote Urination

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22
Q

Functions of Aromatic

Xiang

A

Ability to Penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular function

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23
Q

Functions of Astrigent

Se

A

Has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids

Very Close to Sour

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24
Q

Properties of Acrid / Pungent / Spicy

A

Dispersing (out and upward)
Moving and Circulating
Enters the Lung
Release the Exterior is the result of Acrid
Can also be a great Qi regulator and help dampness or pain (stasis/stagnation)

Example: Dang Gui is the Qi Herb in the Blood Category (because tonify qi and able to move) due to Acrid properties

Lungs are dispersing and descend. Acrid for the dispersing part. Use other herbs for Descend part

If Wei level, will disperse out. Tai Yang & UB channels are most exterior

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25
Q

Properties of Sweet

A

Tonifying, Nourish and Strengthen
Harmonizing and moderating (Not Strong & Intense)
Relieves Tension (Stomachache, Spasms & Pain)
Enters Spleen
Can Normalize Function fo ST and SP, but caution with SP Qi Deficiency and dampness (will make worse)
Richness, stickiness, thickness – blocks Qi – creates stagnation leading to dampness

Sweet is not very moving
Gan Cao, Da Zao

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26
Q

Properties of Bitter

A

Downward draining
Purging (promote bowel movement; purge heat/fire; descend Qi for vomiting, nausea, belching)
Dry Dampness
Becuase of Descending tendency can have a sedating effect
Enters the Heart
Da Huang – Could also release food stagnation and in a sense tonify

Counterflow of Qi brought down with bitter herbs

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27
Q

How can Da Huang release food stagnation and tonify?

A

Primary herb for purging constipation
Sometimes just have to get rid to clear problem

Restoring homeostasis, balancing

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28
Q

Properties of Salty

A 
Heaviest besides minerals
Purges downwards for constipation
Softens Hardness
Enters Kidney
All the seaweeds (scrofula and Goiter)
Many animal products

Lu Rong (deer antler) because blood product inside

Blood is salty

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29
Q

Properties of Sour

A

Stabilize and Bind
Astringe / Hold / Contract
Stops movement and can move backwards
Contains fluids and Qi
Enters the Liver
Can refresh and improve the appetite as well, when used appropriately
Stomach Yin – Preserve Yin (with Sweet can produce yin and body fluids)

Pickles
Sour + Sweet produces yin and body fluids

Sweet – Tonifies / Nourishes
Sour – Holds / Don’t Lose

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30
Q

Properties of Astringent

A

Include sour and sweet
Retain and Bind
Sometimes non-ripe persimmon, inner lining of pomegranate or some red wines (tannic)
Feels like a coat on tongue and sucking feeling
Happens with charring of herbs
Caution – Could hold in a pathology and trap it in – especially with an exterior invasion, also don’t want to tonify

Like sucking on a lemon

Heavy Menstruation

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31
Q

Properties of Bland

A

Diuretic Influence (Edema)
Promote Urination
Leech Out Dampness (through urine)
Goes down, but milder than bitter or salty

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32
Q

Properties of Aromatic

A

Awakens and Revives
Moves in all Directions
Stronger than acrid (which moves up and out)
Penetrates through turbidity (if closed or blocked)
Eliminate damp (rheumatism)

Very similar to acrid, but goes in all directions

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33
Q

Acrid/Pungent and Sweet can produce ______

A

Yang

Sweet goes to middle Jiao (pre-heaven qi), like checking account, generate energy/nourishment

Acrid moves

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34
Q

Sour and Sweet can produce _____

A

Yin

Sour Holds

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35
Q

Acrid warm can treat exterior _______

A

Cold

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36
Q

Channels and organs

A 
Lung -- Large Intestine -- Metal
Spleen -- Stomach -- Earth
Heart -- Small Intestine -- Fire
Kidney -- Urinary Bladder -- Water
Pericardium -- San Jiao -- Fire
Liver -- Gallbladder -- Wood
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37
Q

Zhang Yuan Su

A

12th Century
Specified channels in his writing
Origins of Medicine (Yi Xue Qi Yuan)
Pouch of Pearls (Zhen Zhu Nang)

By entering a specific channel the herb can guide to that particular channel or organ

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38
Q

Ren Shen enters which channel?

A

Goes to Lung & Spleen to Tonify Qi

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39
Q

Shu Di Huang enters which channel?

A

Enters Kidney, Liver, Heart at the blood level to tonify blood

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40
Q

Directional Properties of Herbs

A

Directions always dealing with gravity

Upwards
Downwards
Sink, inward
Float, Outward

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41
Q

Directional Properties of Herbs:

Upwards

A

Most flowers go upwards
Exception: Xuan Fu Hua and Kuan Dong Hua
These Descends

Jie Geng – boat to carry up to the lung

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42
Q

Directional Properties of Herbs:

Floating and Ascending

A 
Expel superficial evils
Ascend Yang
Expel Wind and Cold
Inducing Vomiting
Open the Orifices (coma -- closed orifice)
Promoting Eruptions (Measles)
Warming Yang
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43
Q

Directional Properties of Herbs:

Sinking and Lowering

A 
Clear Heat
Purging
Promoting Urination
Calming mind
Descending Yang
Extinguish Warm (internal)
Stop Vomiting
Stop Cough and Asthma
Astringent
Promote Digestion
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44
Q

Qiang Huo vs. Du Huo

A

Qiang Huo best for upper body wind-cold damp heat

Du Huo – best for lower body wind-cold damp heat

Qiang Huo (UB, KI) goes upwards in relation to Du Huo (KI, UB) and vice versa. This is a comparison to each other, but doesn’t mean that Qiang Huo doesn’t go upwards

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45
Q

Li Dong Yuan

A

Pi Wei Lun
Discussion of the Spleen and Stomach

Li wrote that each herb tends to either:
Rise
Fall
Float
Sink
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46
Q

Functions of Herbs

A

Primary actions of the herb
Often knowing what category the herbs is in will give you the first and most important function

Different from indications:
Function: Clears Heat
Indication: Fever, flushed face, acid reflux

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47
Q

Eight Therapeutic Methods

Ba Fa

A 
Promote Sweating  -- Han Fa
Clear -- Qing Fa
Purge -- Xia Fa
Harmonize -- He Fa
Warm -- Wen Fa
Tonify -- Bu Fa
Reduce / Sedate -- Xiao Fa
Induce Vomiting -- Tu Fa
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48
Q

Clear represents clearing _____

A

Heat

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49
Q

Pathogens enter the body via

A

Skin

9 Orifices

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50
Q

Pathogens are eliminated via

A

Skin
Mouth
Bowels
Urine

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51
Q

Indications

A

Signs and Symptoms

To treat an indication one must choose an herb based on its:
Function
Channels Entered
Temperature
Taste
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52
Q

Sx > Dx > TP > Rx

A

Symptoms: Chills, fever, aversion to cold, stiff neck, cough, no sweating
Diagnosis: Wind Cold Excess
Treatment Principle: Release Exterior
Prescription (Herbal Formula): Ma Huang Tang

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53
Q

Cautions and Contraindications:

Temperature

A

Don’t use cooling herbs when there is pathogenic cold

Don’t clear heat when there is a cold condition

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54
Q

Cautions and Contraindications:

Six Pathogenic Factors

A

Don’t use herbs that drain damp if there is dryness
Don’t use astringing & binding when a patient needs purging
Caution with using tonifying herbs or astringing herbs when there is an exterior pathogen present

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55
Q

Cautions and Contraindications:

Other Cautions

A

Some relate to toxicities when combined with another specific herb or food

Some relate to dosage

Lots of herbs cannot be used in pregnancy especially in beginning

Be cautious. Be aware.

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56
Q

Dosage Properties

A

Amount of drugs/herbs to be used

It mainly refers to the daily amount of each drug for an adult, and also the relative amount of different drugs/herbs in a recipe/formula
Refers to use in a decoction
Refers to dry, prepared herbs

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57
Q

Dosage: Classical Measurement

A

Qian

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58
Q

Dosage: Modern Measurement

A

Grams

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59
Q

Normal Dosage Range

A

3-12 Grams

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60
Q

1 Fen

A

(1/10th)

0.3 g

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61
Q

1 Qian

A

~3 g

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62
Q

1 Liang

A

10 x

30 g

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63
Q

Additional Dosage Properties

A

Drastic and Poisonous Drugs should be given in small dosages or gradually increased from small dosage to larger dosages

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64
Q

Normal dosing of Da Huang

A

3-9 grams
(start with 3 grams and gradually go up to 9 grams)

Da Huang for constipation

Herbs can be pretty tough on the digestive system

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65
Q

Substances that are prescribed in larger dosages

A

Hard, Heavy, Moderate and Bland Substances

Minerals and Shells

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66
Q

Substances that are prescribed in smaller dosages

A

Light, Toxic and Strongly-flavored Substances

Flowers, Leaves and Aromatic Herbs

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67
Q

Dosage also depends on ________ of the problem

A

Severity

More severe = Higher Dosage

68
Q

Other considerations for dosages

A

Constitution of patient and the patient’s Stomach Qi are also considerations in dosage

69
Q

Toxicity

A

Some are dosage related and some are general

70
Q

Adulterants

A

Herbs that are commonly used interchangeably with the standard substance

Different plants that are that herb

Another herb that replaces what the original herb should be

71
Q

Safety issues

A

Usually occurs at high dosage (well beyond recommended dosage) and with a very small percentage of patients

Raw herbs (Sheng yao) not prepared for ingestion

Herbs prepared for ingestion (yin pian) – cut and processed according to standards

72
Q

Systems of Diagnosis

A 
3 Jiaos
4 Levels
5 Phases
6 Channels
6 Evils
7 Emotions
8 Principles
Zang-Fu
Channel Theory
Qi, Blood & Body Fluids
73
Q

Three Jiao

San Jiao

A

Upper – Governed by Lung – Heaven

Middle – Governed by Spleen – Man

Lower – Governed by Kidney – Earth

74
Q

4 Levels – Wen Bing Theory

A

Wei – Exterior / Defensive Level
Qi – Exterior Heat Disease
Ying – Nutritive or Construction – Deeper
Xue – Blood – Deepest Heat in the Body

75
Q

Five Phases

A 
Fire
Earth
Metal
Water
Wood
76
Q

Six Channels – Shang Han Lun Theory

A

Tai Yang: Exterior cold diseases (UB/SI)
Shao Yang: 1/2 interior & exterior (GB/SJ)
Yang Ming: Interior Excess Diseases (ST/LI)
Tai Yin: Lung & Spleen Pathologies
Shao Yin: Heart & Kidney Pathologies
Jue Yin: Deepest Level

77
Q

Tai Yang Channels

A

Hand Tai Yang Small Intestine Channel

Foot Tai Yang Urinary Bladder Channel

78
Q

Shao Yang Channels

A

Hand Shao Yang San Jiao Channel

Foot Shao Yang Gallbladder Channel

79
Q

Yang Ming Channels

A

Hand Yang Ming Large Intestine Channel
Foot Yang Ming Stomach Channel

Strong Body & Strong Pathogen

80
Q

Tai Yin Channels

A

Hand Tai Yin Lung Channel

Foot Tai Yin Spleen Channel

81
Q

Shao Yin Channels

A

Hand Shao Yin Heart Channel
Foot Shao Yin Kidney Channel

Most Severe

82
Q

Jue Yin Channels

A

Hand Jue Yin Pericardium Channel
Foot Jue Yin Liver Channel

Either rebound or die

83
Q

Six Evils

A 
Wind
Heat/Fire
Cold
Damp
Dryness
Summer Heat
84
Q

Seven Emotions

A 
Sadness/Grief/Sorrow
Pensiveness/Brooding/Over-thinking
Joy
Anger
Anxiety
Fear
Fright/Shock
85
Q

Eight Principles (Ba Gang)

A

Yin Yang
Interior Exterior
Cold Hot
Deficiency Excess

86
Q

Zang-Fu

A 
Lung -- Large Intestine
Spleen -- Stomach
Heart -- Small Intestine
Kidney -- Urinary Bladder
Pericardium -- San Jiao
Liver -- Gallbladder
87
Q

Qi, Blood, Body Fluids

A

Qi, Blood, Body Fluids

88
Q

Seven Techniques for Combining Herbs

A 
Mutual Accentuation
Mutual Enhancement
Mutual Counteraction
Mutual Suppression
Mutual Antagonism
Mutual Incompatibility (18 Incompatibles)
Single Effect
89
Q

Mutual Accentuation

Xiang Xu

A

Combination of two substances with similar functions to accentuate their therapeutic actions

Mutual Necessity

90
Q

Mutual Enhancement

Xiang Shi

A

The combination of 2 or more substances with different actions in which one of the substances enhances the effect of the other in a specific clinical situation

Different actions but treat same thing

Mutual Employment

91
Q

Mutual Counteraction

Xiang Wei

A

A combination in which the toxicity or side effects of one substance are reduced or eliminated by another substance

Mutual Fear

92
Q

Mutual Suppression

Xiang Sha

A

Converse of Mutual Counteraction in that here the emphasis is on the substance that reduces the undesirable side effects of the other

The less desirable is being suppressed

Mutual Killing

Converse of Mutual Counteraction

Emphasis on substance that performs the action

93
Q

Mutual Antagonism

Xiang Wu

A

The ability of two substances to minimize or neutralize each other’s positive effects

Not good to have this; cancel effects

Mutual Aversion

94
Q

Mutual Incompatibility

Xiang Fan

A

Occurs when the combination of two substances gives rise to side effects or toxicity which would not be caused by either substance when used alone

95
Q

Single Effect

Dan Xing

A

The use of one medicinal substance to treat a patient

Example: Ren Shen tonifies blood, replenishes fluids

Given after natural birth
After Marathon

96
Q

Formulas

A

A combination of herbs used together to treat a syndrome or pattern

Know the basic role of each medicinal in the formula

Know the general function and clinical indications of the formula

Based on a monarchical form of government with the king at the top and ministers and assistants below

97
Q

Important Note on Formula

A

Any herb can fill any role depending on the formula’s function

98
Q

Composition of Formulas – Roles

A

Chief (Jun)
Deputies (Chen)
Assistants (Zuo)
Envoy (Shi)

Not all need be present in a formula and one herb can server more than one of the above function

99
Q

Chief

Jun

A

King, Sovereign or Lord, Monarch

The substance(s) that provide(s) the main therapeutic thrust of the prescriptions

100
Q

Deputies

Chen

A

Ministers or Associates

Enhance or assist the therapeutic actions of the chiefs

Can also assist in secondary complaints

101
Q

Assistants (Adjutants)

Zuo

A

Provide one or more of the following functions:
Treat accompanying symptoms
Moderate the harshness or toxicity of the primary substances
Assist the chief and deputies in accomplishing their main objective
Provide assistance from another therapeutic direction

102
Q

Envoy (Messenger or Couriers)

Shi

A

Guide the other medicines to a specific channel or organ or region of the body

Exert a harmonizing influence, as is often the case with Gan Cao

103
Q

Gong Bu

A

Simultaneous attack and reinforcement

Often seen in patterns of excess with underlying deficiency

Example: Zi Su Ye with Ren Shen

104
Q

Nomenclature of Chinese Herbs

A 
Based on Shape
Based on Color
Based on Smell & Taste
Based on Geographic Location
Based on Life Cycle
Based on Specific Parts
Based on Function
Based on Human Action Involved
Other
105
Q

Nomenclature Based on Shape:

Ru Xiang

A

Breast (milk) Fragant

Frankincense – Gel makes a breast shape, as it seeps from the tree and it has a strong odor

106
Q

Nomenclature Based on Shape:

Bai Mu Er

A

White Wood Ear

White and Resembles an ear

107
Q

Nomenclature Based on Shape:

Niu Xi

A

Cow’s Knees

Has big Joints

108
Q

Nomenclature Based on Shape:

Gou teng

A

Hook Vine

Tendril like attachments

109
Q

Nomenclature Based on Shape:

Long Yan Rou

A

Dragon Eye Meat

Meaty part of Longyan fruit looks like a dragon’s eye

110
Q

Nomenclature Based on Shape:

Gou Ji

A

Dog Spine

Looks like a dog’s spine

111
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Hong

A

Red

Hong Hua – Red Flower (Sappflower)

112
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Chi

A

Bright Red

Chi Shao (Bright Red Peony)

113
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Zhu

A

Dull Red

Zhu Sha (Dull Red Sand) – Cinnabar

114
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Huang

A

Yellow

Da Huang (Big Yellow)

115
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Jin

A

Gold

Jin Yin Hua (Gold/Silver Flower)

116
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Bai

A

White

Bai Shao (White Peony)

117
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Yin

A

Silver

Yin Guo Ye (Silver Fruit Leaf)

118
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Qing

A

Blue-green

Qing Pi (Blue Green Peel) – Greener orange peel

119
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Lu

A

Green

Lu Dou (Green Beans)

120
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Hei

A

Black

Hei Zao (Black Dates)

121
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Wu

A

Black

Wu Yao

122
Q

Nomenclature Based on Color:

Zi

A

Purple

Zi Cao Gen (Purple Herb Root)
Zi Su Ye (Purple Leaf)

123
Q

Nomenclature Based on Smell & Taste:

Xiang

A

Fragrant (not always pleasant)

Mu Xiang – Fragrant Wood
Se Xiang – Deer Musk – very potent; miscarriages

Coma – Reviving

124
Q

Nomenclature Based on Smell & Taste:

Gan

A

Sweet

Gan Cao – Licorice

125
Q

Nomenclature Based on Smell & Taste:

Ku

A

Bitter

Ku Shen Gen – Bitter Herb Root

126
Q

Nomenclature Based on Smell & Taste:

Suan

A

Sour

Suan Zao Ren – Sour Date Seed

127
Q

Nomenclature Based on Smell & Taste:

Xin

A

Acrid

Xi Xin – Thin Acrid – very cautious in dosing, very potent

128
Q

Nomenclature Based on Smell & Taste:

Dan

A

Bland

Dan Zhu Ye – Bland Bamboo Leaf

129
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Bei

A

North

Bei Sha Shen

130
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Nan

A

South

Nan Sha Shen

131
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Dong

A

East

Dong Yang Shen (Japan)

132
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Xi

A

West

Xi Yang Shen (USA) – American Ginseng. More cooling than Ren Shen

133
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Chuan

A

Si Chuan Province:

Chuan Bei Mu (Best for Lung)
– Loquat Syrup – Major Ingredient

Chuan Niu Xi

Chuan Xiong

134
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Zhe

A

Zhejiang Province

Zhe Bei Mu (Better for Lung Nodules)

135
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Huai

A

Henan Province

Huai Niu Xi

136
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Zhang

A

Tibet

Zhang Hong Hua

137
Q

Nomenclature Based on Geographical Location:

Fan

A

Barbarians

Herbs imported to China from abroad

Fan Xie Ye

138
Q

Nomenclature Based on Life Cycle:

Xia Ku Cao

A

Summer dry herb becomes withered and dry in summer

139
Q

Nomenclature Based on Life Cycle:

Ren Dong Teng

A

Tolerate Winter vine – Honeysuckle vine – Still there in Wintertime

140
Q

Nomenclature Based on Life Cycle:

Dong Chong Xia Cao

A

Winter bug summer herb (fungus that looks like a worm)

141
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Cao

142
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Dan

A

Gallbladder

143
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Dou

144
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Gen

145
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Geng

146
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Gua

147
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Hua

148
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Jiao

149
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Mu

150
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Pi

A

Peel, bark, outer skin

151
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Ren

152
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Shi

153
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Teng

154
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Ye

155
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Zhi

156
Q

Nomenclature Based on Specific Parts:

Zi

157
Q

Nomenclature Based on Function:

Fang Feng

A

guard + Wind

Jade Windscreen has Fang Feng

Low immune system, sick all the time

158
Q

Nomenclature Based on Function:

Yi Mu Cao

A

Benefit Mother

Ob/GYN

159
Q

Nomenclature Based on Function:

Xu Duan

A

Fix + Broken

Used for trauma, broken bones, can hold baby in pregnancy

160
Q

Nomenclature Based on Function:

Yin Yang Huo

A

Honey Goat Wort or Weed

161
Q

Nomenclature Based on Function:

Yang Qi Shi

A

Yang Lifting the Rock

Tonifies the yang – Easy erection in male

162
Q

Nomenclature Based on Humans or Human Action Involved:

Liu Ji Nu

A

The live in slave named Liu identified this herb

163
Q

Nomenclature Based on Humans or Human Action Involved:

He Shou Wu

A

Dark-Haired Mr. He – this herb is used to keep hair black

Tonifies / nourishes blood

Only work for blood deficiencies

164
Q

Nomenclature Based on Humans or Human Action Involved:

Qian Niu Zi

A

Walk Cow Seed

Found while man walking his cows

Morning Glory

165
Q

Other Name Differentiation:

3 types of Di Huang

A

Xian Di Huang – Fresh root – tonify blood & Yin

Sheng Di Huang – Raw (not Processed), but dried

Shu Di Huang – Prepared (Steamed) – Steamed 9X – like tar, very cooling

Herbology (7 decks)

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