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Herbology 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Latin name for Ma Huang （麻黃）？

A

Ephedra Herba

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2
Q

What is the Chinese name for Ephedra Herba?

A

Ma huang

麻黃

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3
Q

Chinese Medicine has its historical roots in which three traditions?

A

Demonology
Magic Correspondence
Systematic Correspondence

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4
Q

Demonology

A

Disease caused by evil spirits

Treatment lies in influencing spirit world through incantations, spell, preparation of charms, dances, etc.

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5
Q

Magic Correspondence

A

Disease Caused by magical relationships among phenomena
Treatment lies in using these magical relationships to one’s own advantage
Example: Using a venomous animal’s enemy to counter its poison

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6
Q

Systematic Correspondence

A

Disease caused by unhealthy relationships with nature
Treatment lies in establishing balance with nature
Yin/Yang and Five Phases

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7
Q

Earliest findings of medicinal activities

Bones and Tortoise Shells for reading oracles

A

Shang Dynasty 商

1766-1122 BC

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8
Q

Bones

A

Connection to Heaven

Writings on bones and shells

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9
Q

Shang Dynasty 商

A

Wu – Shaman 巫

Gui – Ghost or Ancestor 鬼

Ancestoral worship common among all, but only the King could interpret the oracles

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10
Q

Confucius

孔子

A

551-479 BCE
Chinese teacher, editor, politician, philsopher of the Spring & Autumn period of Chinese history
Emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity

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11
Q

Lao Zi

老子

A 
Philosopher of ancient China
Dao De Jing 道德經
Taoism
One of the Three Pure Ones
Tai Shang Lao Jun 太上老君
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12
Q

Huang Di

黃帝

A 
Yellow Emperor
2689 BC
Nei Jing 內經
Inventions and advances:  manufacturing of utensils, building of boats, pestle and mortar, creation of calendar, development of currency
Mythical Father of Chinese Medicine
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13
Q

Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classics

黃帝內經

A

Oldest treatise of internal medicine

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14
Q

2 Parts of Huang Di Nei Jing

黃帝內經

A 
Su Wen (Simple Questions） 素問
Ling Shu (Miraculous Pivot）靈樞
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15
Q

8 Principles

A

Yin and Yang
Deficiency and Excess
Internal and External
Cold and Hot

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16
Q

Five Phases

A

Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth

金木水火土

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17
Q

Classic Texts

A

Ben Cao – Materia Medica 本草

Wu Shi Er Bing Fang – Prescriptions for 52 Ailments 五十二病方

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18
Q

Prescriptions for 52 Ailments

五十二病方

A

Pharmacy Text unearthed at Ma Wang Dui in 1973
Text itself dates from before 2nd century BCE
Clearly reflects the influence of demonology and magic correspondence on early Chinese Medicine

247 Substances: 2/3 plants; 1/3 animal or mineral

Earliest Chinese record devoted to diseases treated with substances

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19
Q

Shen Nong

神農

A

2720 BCE
Chinese emperor, physician, reformer who experimented with plants to discover their medicinal values
Was intoxicated over 70 times a day, due to his experimental use of the medicinal substances

Accredited with agricultural advances

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20
Q

Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing

神農本草經

A

Divine Husbandman’s Classic of the Materia Medicia

365 Chinese medicinals
252 - plant origin
67 - from animals
46 - from minerals

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21
Q

Division of herbs in Sheng Nong Ben Cao Jing

神農本草經

A

Three Categories:
Superior Category
Intermediate Category
Inferior Category

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22
Q

Superior Category

A

Cultivating Life
Boost Up
120 Medicines which were considered to be non-toxic and contain invigorating effects to preserve vitality or prolong life

Example: Ginseng (Panax Ginseng)

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23
Q

Intermediate Category

A

Nourishes constitutional types
120 average medicines.
Used to prevent illness and restore the individual’s vitality
Sometimes can be toxic and should be used carefully for certain ailments

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24
Q

Inferior Category

A

Expels Diseases
125 inferior medicines that were considered to be toxic with side effects and were specifically used for therapeutic purposes to treat diseases

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25
Q

Zhang Zhong Jing

張仲景

A 
Father/Sage of Herbal Medicine
Han Dynasty
150-219 AD
Zhang Ji
Shang Han Za Bing Lun
(Discourse on Fevers and Miscellaneous Illnesses)
Dealt with treatment of many febrile conditions
Wind-Cold Issues
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26
Q

Shang Han Za Bing Lun

傷寒雜病論

A

Six parts corresponding to six pairs of meridians:
Tai Yang, Shao Yang, Yang Ming
Tai Yin, Shao Yin, Jue Yin

Discusses diagnosis and treatment methods based on an assessment of the symptoms of different pathological conditions

In Song Dynasty: Split into two books:
Shang Han Lun and Jin Gui Yao Lue
傷寒論 和金貴要略

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27
Q

Shang Han Lun

傷寒論

A

Treatise on Febrile Diseases or
Treatise on Cold Induced Disorders
Later Han Dynasty 200 AD

Damage from Cold: Cold from outside into body or absence of yang

Yin-Yang disharmony at various stages

About movement of life force throughout the body and how it is connected to the cosmos

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28
Q

Jin Gui Yao Lue

金貴要略

A

Essential Treasures from the Golden Cabinet
Miscellaneous diseases
Lots of Gyn formulas

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29
Q

Six Channel Theory

A

Tai Yang Tai Yin
Shao Yang Shao Yin
Yang Ming Jue Yin

太陽， 少陽， 陽明， 太陰， 少陰， 厥陰

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30
Q

Shao Yang – Why use warming and cooling herbs

A

Pivot around, can go either way, alternating chills and fevers; Chills of tai yang and fever of yang ming

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31
Q

Four Bigs

A

Big Fever
Big Thirst
Big Sweat
Big Pulse

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32
Q

Four Great Classics for Herbal Medicine

A

Nei Jing 內經
Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing 神農本草經
Shang Han Lun 傷寒論
Jin Gui Yao Lue 金貴要略

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33
Q

Sun Si Miao

孫思邈

A

581-682
Child Prodigy
Mastered Chinese Classics by age 20
Well-Known Medical Practioner of Tang Dynasty

Human life is worth a thousand gold bars, with a virtue of one prescription, you can fix it

Compiled Qian Jin Yao Fang 千金要方
(Prescriptions worth a thousand gold for emergencies or precious prescriptions for emergencies)
30 Volumes and 5,300 Prescriptions

Qian Jin Yi Fang 千金異方
(A Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a thousand Gold or supplement to Precious Prescriptions)
30 Volumes and 2,571 prescriptions

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34
Q

Tang Ben Cao

唐本草

A 
First Official Chinese Pharmacopeia
Compiled 7th Century CD
850 Medicinals
First illustrated materia medica
Tang Materia Medica
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35
Q

Ben Cao Gang Mu

本草綱目

A

Compendium of the Materia Medica (1590)
1892 Substances
Li Shi Zhen of Ming Dynasty
李時珍

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36
Q

Li Shi Zhen

李時珍

A

Chinese Physician to the Imperial Medical Academy
Father of Modern Chinese Herbal Medicine
Completed Ben Cao Gang Mu in 1578 本草綱目
more than 2000 drugs and directions for more than 8,000 prescriptions

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37
Q

Wen Bing Xue

溫病學

A

Warm Disease School of Disease
Heat Pathogen as primary cause of disease
Ming/Qing Dynasty Authors

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38
Q

Four Levels of Disease

A

Wei 衛
Qi 氣
Ying 營
Xue 血

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39
Q

Wei

衛

A

Exterior Heat Diseases

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40
Q

Qi

氣

A

Interior Heat Excess

41
Q

Ying

營

A

Deeper Heat Diseases

Nutritive Level

42
Q

Xue

血

A

Blood Level (deepest level)

43
Q

18 Categories

A 
Release Exterior
Clear Heat
Downward Draining
Drain Dampness
Expel Wind-Dampness
Transform Phelgm & Stop Cough
Aromatic Transform Dampness
Relieve Food Stagnation
Regulate the Qi
Regulate the Blood
Warm Interior and Expel Cold
Tonics
Stabilize and Bind
Calm the Spirit
Aromatic Open Orifices
Extinguish Wind and Stop Tremors
Expel Parasites
Substances for External Application (ie trauma)
44
Q

What is the Latin name for Dang Gui?

A

Angelica Sinensis Radix

45
Q

What is the Chinese name for Angelica Sinensis Radix?

46
Q

Sometimes what it is tells you what it does

A

Part of Plant: Like treats like
Example: Twig of plant treats small branches of body

Type of substance
Example:  Lightweight float upward
Flowers treat upper body
Leaves float outward
Heavy Sinks downward
Shells, Minerals Drawn Down
47
Q

Bulbus

A

Bei 杯

Bulb, Shell

48
Q

Cacumen

A

Leafy twig

49
Q

Calculus

A

Shi 石

Stone

50
Q

Calyx

A

Di 底

Fruit Base, outer perianth

51
Q

Carapax

A

Jia 甲

Dorsal Shell, Armor

52
Q

Caulis

A

Teng 藤

Stalk, Stem, Vine

53
Q

Concha

A

Ke 殼

Shell, Case

54
Q

Concretio

A

Concreted mass from an inorganic solution

55
Q

Cornu

A

Jiao 角

Horn, Antler

56
Q

Cortex

A

Pi 皮

Bark, Peel, Skin

57
Q

Excrementum

A

Sha 沙

Excrement, Sand

58
Q

Flos

A

Hua 花

Flower

59
Q

Folium

A

Ye 葉

Leaf

60
Q

Fructus/Semen

A

Zi or Ren 子 仁

Fruit, seed, nut, pit

61
Q

Germinatus

A

Ya 牙

Sprout

62
Q

Herba

A

Cao 草

Plant, Herb, Grass (entire above ground)

63
Q

Lignum

A

Mu
木

Wood

64
Q

Medulla

65
Q

Nodus

A

Jie 結

Joint, Node, Knot

66
Q

Os

A

Gu 骨

Bone

67
Q

Percardium

A

Pi 皮

Peel, Husk, Skin

68
Q

Periostracum

A

Tui or Yi
退役

Moulting, Old clothes

69
Q

Plastrum

A

Ban 板

Shell, breastplate

70
Q

Plumula

A

Feather, bud of a seed plant

71
Q

Radix

A

Ben or Gen 本根

Root

Downward growing roots

72
Q

Radices

A

Ben or Gen 本根

Roots

73
Q

Ramulus

A

Zhi 枝

Small branch, Twig

74
Q

Ramus

A

Geng 莄

Stem, stalk, branch

75
Q

Rhizoma

A

Ben or Gen
本根

Mass of roots, underground part of plant

Horizontal Roots

76
Q

Sclerolium

A

Ling

靈

Fungus

77
Q

Taste

A

Perception of Herb in the Mouth

78
Q

Temperature

A

Sensation of the herb in the stomach or on the skin

79
Q

Five Tastes

A 
Xin 辛
Gan 甘
Ku 苦
Suan 酸
Xian 咸

Dan (No Taste) 淡

80
Q

List the order of the Chinese Dynasties

A 
Xia - 夏
Shang - 商
Zhou - 周
Qin - 秦
Han - 漢
Three Kingdoms - 三國
Jin - 金
Southern Northern Dynasties - 南北
Sui - 隨
Tang - 唐
Five Dynasties - 五
Liao - 遼
Song - 宋
Yuan - 元
Ming - 明
Qing - 清
81
Q

Zheng Lei Ben Cao

證類本草

A

The Materia Medica Arranged According to Pattern

First major materia medica of the Song Dynasty
1,558 substances

82
Q

Jiangsu College of New Medicine’s Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Substances

中藥大詞典

A

1977 published
25 years to write
5,767 entries

83
Q

Chinese Materia Medica

中華本草

A

Published 2002

9,000 entries

84
Q

Materia Medica of Medicinal Properties

藥性本草

A

Late Sui, early Tang

Embraces the subjects of combination, reaction, taste, temperature, toxicity, function, primary clinical application, processing and preparation.

85
Q

Dynasty where the attempt to forge a concrete link between empirical knowledge of the herbs and classical theory began

A

Song 宋 dynasty

Fully developed during the Jin 晉 and Yuan 元 dynasties

86
Q

What two theorectical principles arise from Huang Di Nei Jing 黃帝內經?

A

Yin-Yang Theory 陰陽

Five Phases Theory 五行

87
Q

How many herbal prescriptions are in Huang Di Nei Jing 黃帝內經?

A

12 herbal prescriptions

28 substances

88
Q

Shen Nong 神農 is said to have tasted how many herbs?

89
Q

Shen Nong 神農 is said to have been intoxicated 70 times a day. What does this mean?

A

Experimental use of medicinal substances to discover their medicinal values

90
Q

How many herbal entries were in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing 神農本草經?

A

Total of 365

252 plants
67 animals
46 minerals

91
Q

Classics appearing during Han Dynasty

A

五十二病方
神農本草經
傷寒雜病論

92
Q

Classics appearing during Tang Dynasty

A

千金要方 Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold for Emergencies or Precious Prescriptions for Emergencies
千金翼方 A Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth A Thousand Gold or Supplement to Precious Prescriptions
唐本草 Tang Materia Medica

93
Q

Classics appearing during Ming Dynasty

A

本草綱目

Materia Medica or Great Pharmacopeia

94
Q

Primary Theorectical Principle of Shang Han Za Bing Lun

A

Damage from Cold

95
Q

Time Period of Wen Bing Xue 溫病學

A

明，清朝

96
Q

Primary Disease Factor of Shang han za bing lun

A

Cold or absence of yang

97
Q

Primary disease factor of Wen Bing Xue

98
Q

Why is the primary disease factor in Wen Bing Xue so different from that which is seen in the Han Dynasty when Zhang Zhong Jing wrote the Shang Han Za Bing Lun?

A

Different climates
Different geographic locations
Disease transformations

99
Q

Likes treat likes

A

以毒攻毒

Herbology (7 decks)

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