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Pharm > Herbals > Flashcards

Herbals Flashcards

1
Q

Limbrel (flavocoxid)

A

For OA
Contains Chinese skull cap and catechin
Thought to be as effective as naproxen as it inhibits COX 2 and 5LOX pathways and causes down regulation of pro inflammatory NFxBpathways
Do not given in allergy to dark chocolate, green tea, red wine or Brazil nuts, pregnancy or BF, or history of elects

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2
Q

Turmeric (curcumin)

A

Polyphenol
Anti inflammatory by inhibiting cytokine
Anticancer effects
Antidepressants effects
May inhibit beta amyloid production
Used for leg cramps and OA
D-D- many- anticoagulants and anti platelets, avoid in ASA, plavix, ibuprofen, naproxen, dalteparin, lovenox, heparin, warfarin

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3
Q

Cocoa flavanols

A

Anti oxidant
Can improve CV health, better BP control, platelet aggregation, cholesterol, endothelial function and insulin resistance
D-D- adenosine, clozapine, dipyridamole, ergots, estrogens, lithium

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4
Q

Green tea or Chinese tea or Japanese tea

A

Rich in polyphenol flavonoids
Safe for most adults more than 2 cups per day can increase risk of renal stones
May decreases growth of CA, tx mild asthma, anti microbial effects, warts
No interactions but has small vitamin K in it

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5
Q

Probiotics

A

Fermented foods, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchee; yogurt
IBS, IBD, gut health, anti inflammatory

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6
Q

Medium chain triglycerides

A

Saturated fatty acid
Used as brain alternative energy source for cognition improvement
Used for pediatric seizures. Preventing muscle breakdown in critically ill patients, Alzheimer’s

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7
Q

Axona (caprylic acid)

A

For Alzheimer’s
Safe method to induce hyperketonemia, and provide alternative energy source for glucose in the dementia patients

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8
Q

Passion flower

A

Anxiety, insomnia, seizures, hysteria
Thought to work by increasing GABA
Tea, extract or tincture
Contradicted in pregnancy and BF
Sedative effects can occur
D-D- Avoid in anticonvulsants, barbiturates, benzos, TCAs, anti platelets and anticoagulants, MOAI

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9
Q

Cayenne pepper

A

Aka capsicin, capsacum, paprika, red chilli, Tabasco pepper
Topical analgesic, promote swearing and increase saliva, agent to increase surface blood flow when applied to skin, pepper spray defense
Excessive use can cause gastritis, and hemorrhage, avoid contact with MM, hives and skin irritation can occur
Avoid in PUD; diverticulitis, IBS, injured skin

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10
Q

Soursop

A

Used for stomach, fever, sedative; anti cancer agent, antimicrobial
Neurotoxic effects can occur

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11
Q

Colloid silver

A

Metallic element, dilute amounts in liquid
Thought to be safe for eye drops in newborns
No known use for ingestion and can cause serious side effects

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12
Q

Açaí berries

A

Marketing for weight loss and anti aging
Anti oxidant properties, anti cancer

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13
Q

Goji berry

A

Many conditions but no sound scientific evidence
For DM, HTN, poor circulation, fever, malaria, cancer, ED, tinnitus, nosebleeds
D-D- antihypertensives, anti diabetic agents, Coumadin

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14
Q

Kava kava

A

Insomnia, fatigue; asthma, UTI, topical numbing, anxiety, menopausal symptoms
Can increase risk for liver damage, hepatitis, death, dystonia
D-D- anti PD drugs

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15
Q

Valerian

A

Sleep, anxiety, HA; depression, irregular heartbeat, trembling
Safe for short uses can cause mild side effects like morning fatigue, HA, dizziness, GI upset

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16
Q

Cinnamon

A

Used for GI issues, loss of appetite, diabetes
Avoid large doses if on blood thinners, large amounts not good

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17
Q

Chamomile

A

Anxiety. Insomnia, GI issues, flatus, diarrhea, skin condition, oral ulcers form CA
SE- rash, throat swelling, SOB, anaphylaxis

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18
Q

Horse chestnut

A

Venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, may be as effective as wearing compression stockings
SE- do not eat raw or unprocessed, this can be poisonous, safe short term

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19
Q

Stevia

A

Conflicting data may be hypotensive and hypoglycemia agent
No major contraindications or SE

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20
Q

Echinacea

A

Used for cold, flu, other infections
No sound benefits
No SE when taken orally, some rash, asthma, anaphylaxis notesd, GI issues

21
Q

Ginseng

A

Overall health and boost immune system
Can increase sense of well being and stamina, ED, hepatitis C, menopausal symptoms. HTN, DM
SE- short term safe. Most common is HA, GI distress, hypoglycemia can occur if taking other diabetic agents

22
Q

Ginkgo biloba

A

Asthma, bronchitis, fatigue, tinnitus, Alzheimer’s, intermittent claudication, MS, sexual dysfunctions, tinnitus
SE- HA, GI issues, diarrhea, dizziness; skin rash, increased risk of bleeding avoid if in anticoagulants
Avoid raw or unprocessed as can lead to neurotoxicity

23
Q

St. John’s wort

A

Depression, anxiety, insomnia
Many D-D- antidepressants, birth control, cyclosporine, digoxin, indinavir, irinotecan, pheytoin, phenobarbital, warfarin, other anticoagulants, serotonin syndrome
SE- photosensitive, anxiety, dry mouth, dizziness, GI issues, fatigue, HA, sexual dysfunction

24
Q

Ginger

A

Ulcers, nausea, diarrhea; motion sickness, RA, OA, muscle pain, anti inflammatory
Safe in pregnancy
SE- few, gas, bloating, heartburn, nausea

25
Q

Soy flavonoids

A

Similar to estrogen, used for menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, memory problems, HTN, high cholesterol, breast and prostate CA,
SE- safe for most short term, nausea, bloating, constipation, allergic reactions

26
Q

Flaxseed

A

Laxative, hot flashes, arthritis, high cholesterol, CA prevention
SE- few, take lots of water can worsen constipation

27
Q

Licorice

A

Stomach ulcers, bronchitis, pharyngitis, viral infection, hepatitis
SE- in large amounts can cause high BP, sodium and water retention, hypokalemia, taking with diuretics and steroids can drop K very low, avoid in HTN, CV diseaaae
Avoid in pregnancy can cause pre term labor

28
Q

Black cohosh

A

Arthritis, muscle pain, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, menopausal symptoms, induce labor
SE- do not use in liver disease, stomach discomfort, HA, rash
Not clearing if safe in breast CA or pregnancy

29
Q

Milk thistle

A

Liver protective effects. Cirrhosis, hepatitis, gall bladder, lower cholesterol, insulin resistance, cervical and prostate CA
SE- well tolerated can cause GI issues for allergies, avoid in DM on anti glycemic agents can lower BG

30
Q

Saw palmetto

A

Used for urinary symptoms, enlarged prostate, chronic pelvic pain, bladder disorder, decreased sex drive, alopecia, hormone imbalance, prostate CA
SE- well tolerated, can show slight decline in PSA but must be monitored, minor stomach discomfort

31
Q

Evening primrose oil

A

Eczema, inflammatory conditions like RA, mastodynia associated with menses, menopausal symptoms, PMS, CA, DM
SE- well tolerated short term. GI upset, HA, long term safety not established
May increase risk for bleeding on warfarin

32
Q

Myocalm

A

Specialized forms of calcium and magnesium that may play a role in muscle contraction and relaxation
Use in caution in pregnancy or BF
May cause drowsiness

33
Q

Feverfew

A

Fevers, HA, stomach aches, toothaches, insect bite, infertility, menstrual issues, labor, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
SE- none major, can cause canker sores, swelling of lips or face, loss of taste, nausea, bloating, if abrupt stop can cause HA, joint pain, nervousness, stiff muscles
Avoid in pregnancy

34
Q

Aloe Vera

A

Medical use well established
Stomach upset, ulcers, menstrual problem, tx of calluses and corns, varicose veins, infection, skin CA, arthritis
SE- none significant, allergic reaction, can cause low BG, do not use as laxative in crohns, UC, spruce or IBS

35
Q

Garlic

A

High cholesterol, heart disease, HTN, GI CA
Short term can slightly decrease cholesterol or slow AS development
SE- mostly safe, bad breath, body odor, heart burn, upset stomach, allergies
Can thin blood similar to ASA

36
Q

Rhodiola

A

Anxiety, fatigue, anemia, impotence, infection, HA, depression, increased endurance
SE- dizziness, dry mouth, HA

37
Q

Melatonin

A

Natural hormone sleep aid

SE- safe when short term, uncommon, drowsiness, HA, dizziness, nausea

38
Q

Methyl sulfonyl methane

A

OA, hemorrhoids, rosacea
Safe for 90 days or less
No major D-D
SE- nausea, diarrhea, bloating, fatigue, HA. Insomnia, itching, worsening of allergy symptoms
Avoid in pregnancy and BF

39
Q

Red yeast rice

A

Thought to Lowe cholesterol
Similar SE as statins
Avoid in pregnancy.
D-D- other statin, nefazodone, antifungals, HIV drugs

40
Q

S-adenosyl L methionine

A

Depression, OA, liver disease
Long term safety not established or pregnancy
D-D- may decrease levodopa, increase serotonin, SSRI, St. John’s wort, promotes growth of pneuomocystis avoid in immunodeficiency
SE- uncommon, nausea

41
Q

Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin

A

OA
No sound proof not recommended

42
Q

Enzyme co Q 10

A

Antioxidant effects
Some CV benefit, can improve CHF, HTN, improve reproductive quality like sperm count
SE- insomnia, elevated LFTs, rashes. Nausea, upper abdomen pain, dizziness, photosensitivity, irritability, HA, heartburn, fatigue
Avoid in pregnancy or BF
D-DA statins may lower blood levels, warfarin

43
Q

Weight loss

A

Harmful SE
Not able to keep weight off long term
Ephedra banned due to CV SE

44
Q

Bitter orange

A

Heartburn, loss of appetite, nasal congestion, weight loss, ring worm, athletes foot
SE- increase HR/BP, fainting, MI, stroke
Avoid in CV disease, HTN, MOAI, excess caffeine
Avoid in pregnancy or BF

45
Q

Yerba mate

A

Relieve mental and physical fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome, CHF, palpitations, hypotension
Safe for most, for short periods
Does contain caffeine which can cause insomnia, nervousness, stomach upset, n/v, tachycardia, tachypnea, HTN, HA, tinnitus, palpitations
Likely unsafe when taken large amounts or long periods, increases risk of CA
Do not use in pregnancy or BF

46
Q

Amino 5 hydroxytryptophan

A

Sleep, moods, appetite, pain sensation
Do not give in children
SE- mild, nausea, heartburn, gas, feelings of fullness, serotonin syndrome
Avoid if in antidepressants, liver disease, pregnancy or BF
D-D- TCAs, SSRIs, MOAIs, carbidopa, Tramadol, Demerol, triptans

47
Q

Raspberry ketones

A

Weight loss and obesity
Not reliable
SE- not enough evidence, stimulant type reaction like jitteriness, HTN, tachycardia, palpitations
Avoid in pregnancy or BF

48
Q

Garcina cambogia

A

Weight loss, exercise performance, joint pain, diarrhea, parasites.
Insufficient date
Safe for 12 weeks?
Nausea, GI distress, HA
Avoid in pregnancy or BF

Pharm (16 decks)

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