Hepato/GI/pancreas

Question 1

Evaluation of Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis 2020 Vet Sci Gori

Answer 1

SDMA was not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors

Question 2

CT angiographic changes in dogs with acute pancreatitis: A prospective longitudinal study Vet Rad/ultraso 2020 French

Answer 2

The only statistically significant difference between the initial and repeat CTA examinations was the improvement of fat stranding on the repeat CTA examinations.
CTA performed at the time of admission is likely adequate in the diagnosis and evaluation of dogs with acute pancreatitis. Repeat CTA examinations are unlikely to add additional information in the absence of worsening clinical signs.

Question 3

Ultrasonographic features of presumed gastric wall edema in 14 dogs with pancreatitis JVIM 2019 Murakami

Answer 3

gastric wall thickening presumably because of edema could be a complication of acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Retrospective study evaluation of DGGR lipase for diagnosis, agreement with pancreatic lipase and prognosis in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis Hope JSAP 2021

Answer 4

Using DGGR lipase at the lower cut-off could provide an additional test for supporting a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs particularly if cPL results are not available.

Question 5

Multicenter investigation of hemostatic dysfunction in 15 dogs with acute pancreatitis JVECC 2019 Nielsen

Answer 5

Laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability was present in dogs with acute pancreatitis. Teg to monitor and guide therapy
higher D-dimers , fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor as well as significantly lower antithrombin and prothrombin time values.

Question 6

Computed tomographic angiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis and evaluation of acute pancreatitis in dogs French JVIM 2019

Answer 6

In comparison to US, CTA better identified dogs with more severe acute pancreatitis and those with portal vein thrombosis, factors that may predict longer hospitalization and increased risk of relapse.

Question 7

Serum concentrations of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity and C-reactive protein for monitoring disease progression in dogs with acute pancreatitis 2021 JVIM Keany

Answer 7

both Serum cPLI and CRP were positively correlated with Modified canine activity index but not with the canine acute pancreatitis clinical severity index

Serum cPLI and possibly CRP could be used as objective biomarkers for clinical changes in hospitalized dogs with acute pancreatitis

Question 8

Is the DGGR lipase test as reliable as the Spec cPL test for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs? Vet record 2021 Morrow

Answer 8

There is good evidence that the serum DGGR lipase test is as reliable as the Spec cPL test for diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs.

Question 9

Evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of abdominal ultrasonography in dogs with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis JAVMA 2021 Gori

Answer 9

repeated AUS examinations during hospitalization should be performed, severe findings on the AUS severity index may indicate an increased risk of death, and serum cPL concentrations may increase earlier than findings on AUS of AP.

Question 10

Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in dogs with diabetes mellitus JVIM 2021 Hamilton

Answer 10

There was no evidence of EPI as evaluated using cTLI in this cohort of diabetic dogs, but concurrent increases in cPLI suggest cTLI might not be the optimal indicator of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in dogs with DM.

Question 11

Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy control Xenoulis JVIM 2020

Answer 11

pancreatitis dogs had >70% had serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations within reference intervals.
Dogs with pancreatitis had higher low-density lipoprotein fractions and lower triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions than healthy dogs.

Question 12

Hyperlipasemia in critically ill dogs with and without acute pancreatitis: Prevalence, underlying diseases, predictors, and outcome JVIM 2020 Prummer

Answer 12

ignificant DGGR-hyperlipasemia is frequent in critically ill dogs and associated with a variety of nonpancreatic conditions and negative outcome.

Question 13

Alterations in serum protein electrophoresis profiles during the acute phase response in dogs with acute pancreatitis Can J vet Res 2020 Yoon

Answer 13

acute phase proteins - elevated concentrations of CRP, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin

Decreased levels of albumin and alpha-2 globulin

Question 14

Prognostic markers and assessment of a previously published clinical severity index in 109 hospitalised dogs with acute presentation of pancreatitis Vet Rec 2020 Kuzi

Answer 14

A CSI based on an ‘organ score’ included nine categories,of which cardiac-related signs, hepatic injury, endocrinopathy, compromised intestinal integrity, haematopoietic or vascular force abnormalities were not associated with death
Kidney injury and respiratory signs were associated with death

This study has validated a nine-category CSI, proven a useful assessment tool in dogs with AP

Question 15

Protease inhibitors, inflammatory markers, and their association with outcome in dogs with naturally occurring acute pancreatitis Kuzi JVIM 2020

Answer 15

Systemic inflammation in dogs with AP is manifested by increased inflammatory mediator concentrations, correlating with cPLI and CRP concentrations

Hypoantithrombinemia is associated with death

Question 16

Prevalence and clinical relevance of hypercobalaminaemia in dogs and cats Vet J 2020 Kather

Answer 16

Naturally-occurring increased serum cobalamin concentrations occurred infrequently in cats and even less often in dogs.
hypercobalaminaemia can occur in severe inflammatory, immune-mediated, and neoplastic conditions

Question 17

Diseases associated with hypercobalaminemia in dogs in United Kingdom: A retrospective study of 47 dogs Can J 2021 Riz

Answer 17

hypercobalaminemia is commonly identified in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease in dogs, but can also be seen with endocrine and neurological conditions.

Question 18

Long-term survival of dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele by cholecystectomy, medical management, or both Parkanzky JVIM 2019

Answer 18

Cholecystectomy best long-term survival in dogs surviving the immediate postoperative period (14 days)

medical management is associated with shorter survival compared to surgical treatment, it is a reasonable alternative when surgery cannot be pursued

Question 19

Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study JVIM 2021 Lindaberry

Answer 19

Gallbladder mucocele formation is significantly associated with proteinuria in dogs.

Question 20

Prevalence and impact of cholecystitis on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele JVECC 2020 Rogers

Answer 20

Cholecystitis is a common comorbidity in dogs with gallbladder mucocele but was not associated with decreased survival.
28.8%) had cholecystitis

Question 21

Evaluation of coagulation parameters in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles 2021 JVIM Pavlick

Answer 21

hypercoagulable state although traditional plasma-based coagulation testing suggests that a complex state of hemostasis exists.

Question 22

Effect of clinical signs, endocrinopathies, timing of surgery, hyperlipidemia, and hyperbilirubinemia on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele Vet J 2019 Jaffey

Answer 22

The presence of hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus did not impact outcome in this study.
prognostic variables in dogs with GBM including total serum/plasma bilirubin concentration, age, clinical signs, concurrent hyperadrenocorticism, and the Pomeranian breed

Question 23

Clinical findings for dogs undergoing elective and nonelective cholecystectomies for gall bladder mucoceles JSAP 2021 Friesen

Answer 23

Elective cholecystectomy in dogs with a gall bladder mucocele in this study carried a low mortality rate and a relatively high frequency of minor complications.

Question 24

Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and enterotoxin in the faeces of dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome

Answer 24

This study does not demonstrate increased prevalence of C. perfringens alpha toxin or C. perfringens enterotoxin in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome compared with other dogs with AHDS or without

Question 25

Spontaneous abdominal effusion in dogs with presumed anaphylaxis Summer JVECC 2021

Answer 25

Abdominal effusion should be considered a potential sequela of anaphylaxis in dogs. Therefore, serial monitoring for presence or development of spontaneous abdominal effusion should be considered.

Question 26

Prognostic indicators at presentation for canine parvoviral enteritis: 322 cases (2001-2018) JVECC 2021 Chalifoux

Answer 26

Survival rates of 91% were achieved with in-hospital treatment in this cohort

Negative biochemical prognostic indicators affecting survival include a low HCT, decreased blood glucose concentrations, and increased total serum magnesium concentrations at presentation.

Question 27

A retrospective study of 237 dogs hospitalized with suspected acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome: Disease severity, treatment, and outcome JVIM 2021 Dupont

Answer 27

Survival to discharge was 96%, lower for dogs receiving 2 antimicrobials

C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated positively with AHDS index at hospitalization

rehydration markedly reduced number of clinical SIRS criteria

Question 28

Thromboelastography in cats with cholestatic liver disease JFMS 2021 Kakar

Answer 28

EG analysis, cholestatic cats replete with vitamin K1 display a variety of coagulation profiles

Question 29

Serum melatonin in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunting, with and without hepatic encephalopathy Vet rec 2020 Ferreira

Answer 29

Serum melatonin is not increased in canine cPSS with and without HE.

Question 30

Comparison of initial treatment with and without corticosteroids for suspected acute pancreatitis in dogs Okanishi JSAP 2019

Answer 30

In dogs with acute pancreatitis, initial treatment with prednisolone resulted in earlier reductions in C-reactive protein concentration and earlier improvement of clinical signs.

Question 31

Association between abdominal ultrasound findings, the specific canine pancreatic lipase assay, clinical severity indices, and clinical diagnosis in dogs with pancreatitis JVIM 2020 Cridge

Answer 31

US should not be used in isolation to diagnose pancreatitis and is a poor indicator of severity.

Question 32

Serum Concentration of Inflammatory Cytokines in Dogs with Suspected Acute Pancreatitis Choi Vet Sci 2021

Answer 32

we confirmed that (Chemoattractant Protein-1) MCP-1, RAGE, and (stem cell factor)SCF were newly suggested factors in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis

Question 33

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in dogs and cats with acute pancreatitis Vet clin path 2021 Neumann

Answer 33

We conclude that increased NLR and PLR provide information regarding the course of pancreatitis in dogs and cats.

Question 34

Pulmonary complications in dogs with acute presentation of pancreatitis BMC 2020 Gori

Answer 34

Specifically, three dogs had aspiration pneumonia, and VetALI was diagnosed in nine dogs (34.6%), and no dogs met the criteria for VetARDS. The presence of VetALI was associated with mortality

Question 35

Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy drainage in a dog with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to pancreatitis JAVMA 2020

Answer 35

ranshepatic PCD catheter placement provided fast resolution of EHBO secondary to pancreatitis in the dog of the present report.

Question 36

Bile duct obstruction associated with pancreatitis in 46 dogs Wilkinson JVIM 2020

Answer 36

dogs with pancreatitis associated bile duct obstruction often have a prolonged course of illness and improve clinically despite biochemical evidence of progression of EHBDO.

dilatation at the time of ultrasonographic diagnosis of PABDO and peak bilirubin were not different between survivors and nonsurvivors

Question 37

Ultrasonographic Monitoring in 38 Dogs with Clinically Suspected Acute Pancreatitis Vet Sci 2020 Leoni

Answer 37

26 out of 38 patients the second AUE was suggestive of AP

Question 38

Evaluation of blood thiamine concentration in hospitalized dogs with and without critical illness
Lane JVECC 2022

Answer 38

Approximately 92% of tB1 present in whole blood is measured as TDP (thiamine diphosphate). TDP concentration was strongly correlated with tB1 (R = 0.97, P < 0.0001). Thiamine concentration, represented by TDP, was not different at admission or at 72 hours in all dogs. TDP concentration was lower in septic dogs requiring surgery at admission (P = 0.044) and 72 hours later (P = 0.008), compared to dogs not requiring surgery. TDP concentration was not different between dogs with and without stable chronic diseases at any time point. Older dogs had lower TDP concentration. Positive correlations were seen between TDP and body weight, APPLEfast score, and WBC count. Critically ill dogs with lower admission plasma lactate concentration were more likely to have an increase in thiamine over time.