Coag/Haem

Question 1

Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity in dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation
2020 JV MEd Sci Kobayashi

Answer 1

MP-TF activity positively correlated with plasma D-dimer concentration (r=0.42, P=0.034). Moreover, MP-TF activity was decreased by the time of recovery in some dogs with DIC.

Question 2

A genetic polymorphism in P2RY1 impacts response to clopidogrel in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
seminal list
2021

Answer 2

The association with the P2RY1:A236G variant and clopidogrel resistance remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.

This study demonstrated that a genetic polymorphism in the P2RY1 gene altered response to clopidogrel therapy and suggests that clinicians may consider alternative or additional thromboprophylactic therapy in cats with the P2RY1:A236G variant.

Question 3

Lyophilized platelets versus cryopreserved platelets for management of bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs: A multicenter randomized clinical trial JVIM Googs at al 2020

Answer 3

LP product appears to be logistically superior and is clinically non-inferior to DMSO-stabilized canine Cryopreserved platelet preparation for management of bleeding in thrombocytopenic dogs.

Question 4

Stability of ex vivo coagulation factor activity in never-frozen and thawed refrigerated canine plasma stored for 42 days - JVECC Chee 2021

Answer 4

Refrigerated canine plasma from these 10 dogs retained coagulation factor activity above the limit that we defined as suitable for transfusion for up to 32 days when NEVER-FROZEN and 28 days when THAWED.

Question 5

The role of cryoprecipitate in human and canine transfusion medicine
Review JVECC 2021

Answer 5

Low fibrinogen in dogs (as in people) has been documented with acute traumatic coagulopathy, advanced liver disease, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Bleeding secondary to these hypocoagulable states may be amenable to cryoprecipitate therapy. Indications for preferential selection of cryoprecipitate (versus fresh frozen plasma) remain to be determined.

Question 6

Xenotransfusion of canine blood to cats: a review of 49 cases and their outcome Le Gal (the queen G) 2022 JSAP

Answer 6

Xenotransfusion of canine packed red blood cells to cats is possible but haemolysis should be expected between 1 and 6 days after transfusion.

Question 7

Randomized double-blinded clinical trial on acute transfusion reactions in dogs receiving leukoreduced versus nonleukoreduced packed red blood cells JVIM 2021 Radulescu (the other queen)

Answer 7

A clinical advantage of using LR over N-LR PRBC in terms of Tranf Reactions and increase in PCV after transfusion was not detected.

Question 8

Quantitative assessment of infusion pump-mediated haemolysis in feline packed red blood cell transfusions JFMS 2021 Blasi-Bruge

Answer 8

use of two common Peristaltic infusion Pumps in veterinary hospitals does not produce levels of haemolysis that are significantly different than that caused by gravity alone during transfusion of feline pRBCs at a rate of 25 ml/h.

Question 9

The effect of time on packed cell volume following packed red blood cell transfusion in anemic dogs 2021 JVEC Morris

Answer 9

There was no significant change in PCV from the value obtained immediately after pRBC transfusion up to 4 hours post-transfusion in dogs with several different causes of anemia.

Question 10

Indications for use and complications associated with canine plasma products in 170 patients Santo-Domingo JVECC 2021

Answer 10

Reactions were noted in 4%
Administration of canine plasma products appears to be a safe procedure that carries a low risk of transfusion reactions.
Type-matching of canine PP appears unnecessary and does not reduce the incidence of TR in dogs.

Reasons for transfusion: Oncotic support, sepsis, coagulopathy, internal bleeding, trauma, GDV, mucosal bleeding

Question 11

Prospective evaluation of the utility of cross-matching prior to first transfusion in cats: 101 cases JSAP 2020
Humm and Chan

Answer 11

Transfusion reactions were fairly common but not associated with increased mortality. Use of crossmatch-compatible blood did not lead to a greater increase in PCV at 12 hours. The commercial test may predict a haemolytic transfusion reaction.

Question 12

Exploration of risk factors for non-survival and for transfusion-associated complications in cats receiving red cell transfusions: 450 cases (2009 to 2017) JSAP 2020Martinez-Soagues

Answer 12

exploratory observational study
Suggest that major cross-match before transfusion tended to have greater transfusion efficacy and transfusion of older blood products might have detrimental effects on survival.

Question 13

Left heart dimensions in anaemic cats and dogs before and after blood transfusion - JVIM 2021 Donaldson

Answer 13

Blood transfusion is well tolerated when signs of volume overload are present before transfusion.

Question 14

In vitro iatrogenic hemolysis of canine packed red blood cells during various rapid transfusion techniques JVECC 2021

Answer 14

Despite a storage time of ≤14 days, 15% of pRBC units had unsuitable (>0.8%) hemolysis before even being subjected to the trials.

rapid infusion techniques in small animal transfusion medicine do not cause significant iatrogenic hemolysis of canine pRBCs in vitro, although a significant risk is present in stored blood.

Question 15

Neutrophil extracellular traps in stored canine red blood cell units McQuinn JVIm 2020

Answer 15

Markers of NETs increased during RBC storage nd were higher in NLR than LR units. NETs might be mediators of transfusion reactions.

Question 16

Primary hemostatic function in dogs with acute kidney injury
McBride 2019 JVIM

Answer 16

dogs with AKI had decreased collagen-activated platelet aggregation and appear to have a type II von Willebrand disease-like phenotype

Question 17

Evaluation of platelet function in cats with and without kidney disease: a pilot study
Benson JFMS 2021

Answer 17

Platelet hyper-reactivity may be occurring in CKD cats experiencing a uremic crisis.

Question 18

Effects of leukoreduction on storage lesions in whole blood and blood components of dogs Stefani JVIM 2021

Answer 18

LR blood units are recommended to critically ill dogs with marked inflammatory conditions.
Increasing values of IL8 were observed in nLR units during storage
Leukoreduction showed positive effects on lactate, pH, K

Question 19

Effect of packed red blood cell transfusion on thromboelastographic tracings in dogs with naturally occurring anemia Brooks 2020 AJVR

Answer 19

pRBC transfusion had only small effects on the TEG tracings of hemodynamically stable dogs

Question 20

Retrospective analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in critically ill dogs and cats (2018–2019): 266 dogs and 28 cats
Kelley 2022 JVECC

Answer 20

Neoplasia” ([most frequently] hemangiosarcoma) (89/226 [39%]) and “diseases of the blood and blood forming organs” (idiopathic hemoabdomen, pericardial effusion) (78/226 [34%]) were the most common disease processes for which dogs received TXA. In cats, “diseases of the blood and blood forming organs” (idiopathic hemoabdomen) (9/28 [32%]), “neoplasia” (hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, carcinoma) (7/28 [25%]), and “injury, poisoning, or certain other consequences of external causes” (high-rise syndrome) (5/28 [17%]) were most common. One hundred and forty-eight dogs (65%) and 13 cats (46%) underwent an invasive procedure during hospitalization. Thirty percent (70/226) of dogs received a packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion. Administration of TXA before or after pRBC transfusion did not significantly affect median dose of pRBC administered (P = 0.808). The median IV dose of TXA was similar for dogs and cats at 10 mg/kg. One cat received a 10 times overdose of TXA and did not suffer any appre- ciable adverse effects. Adverse events were reported in 1.7% (4/226) of dogs including hypersalivation (3/226) and seizure (1/226) in a dog that received a cumulative dose of 280 mg/kg of TXA. Hypersalivation was the only adverse event reported in 3% (1/28) of cats.