Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
What hepatitis viruses do we need to know?
A
A, B, C, delta, E
2
Q
In general what are hepatitis viruses?
A
- Viruses that specifically target the liver, they primarily infect and replicate in hepatocytes, liver is damaged from virus and host response, some cause acute infections, others cause chronic infections
3
Q
How are hepatitis viruses transmitted?
A
- Fecal-oral
- Sex
- Vertical
- Parental
4
Q
What is the prevalence of Hepatitis viruses in US?
A
HDV & HEV are very rare, HBV most common, HAV second most common, HCV least common
5
Q
What is the Hepatitis B Virus biology?
A
- Hepadnaviridae
- Genome: dsDNA
- Virion: enveloped
- Cannot be grown in cell culture
- Genome has RNA intermediate
- ccDNA is template for transcription
- Requires liver specific transcription factors
- Produces many empty particles present in infected people
6
Q
How are you infected with Hepatitis B?
A
-sexual & drug use
7
Q
What is the incubation period for Hep B?
A
30-180 days
8
Q
What are the symptoms of Hep B?
A
- General malaise
- Anorexia
- vomiting
- fatigue
- cough
- serum-like sickness
- jaundice
- elevated alanine transaminase levels
9
Q
How long after onset of jaundice is recovery with Hep B?
A
3-4 months
10
Q
How many infected people get chronic disease from Hep B?
A
5%
11
Q
What are long-term effects of Hep B?
A
- Sporadic episodes of hepatitis
- Cirrhosis of liver
- Increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
12
Q
How is Hep B prevented and controlled?
A
- Vaccination
- Treatment for chronic cases includes interferon-alpha therapy and nucleoside analogs
13
Q
What is Hep D virus?
A
- Subviral agent, rare in human viruses
- Requires active HBV infection
- RNA genome encodes a single protein
