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Viruses > Hepatitis Viruses > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Viral Hepatitis (2)

A

Sudden

Followed by complete resolution

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2
Q

Chronic Viral Hepatitis (2)

A

Prolonged course of active disease with silent asymptomatic or symptomatic infection

Can transmit virus throughout life

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3
Q

Viral Hepatitis Comparison (4)

A

Source of Virus:
A, E —> Feces
B, C, D —> Blood / body fluids

Transmission route:
A, E —> Fecal-oral
B, C, D —> Percutaneous, Permucosal

Chronic Infection:
A, E —>No
B, C, D —> Yes

Prevention:
A, B —> Vaccine 
C —> Blood donor screening; Behavior modification 
D —> HBV Vaccine
E —> Ensure safe drinking water
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4
Q

Why is Chronic Hepatitis difficult to diagnose?

A

Often ASYMPTOMATIC with only enlarged tender liver and mildly elevated liver enzymes

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5
Q

HAV- General Characteristics (2)

A

ssRNA

Non-enveloped

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6
Q

HAV- Clinical Features (3)

A

Children —> ASYMPTOMATIC
Adults —> MILD
Pregnant —> MORE SEVERE

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7
Q

HAV- Pathogenesis (2)

A

REPLICATES in DIGESTIVE TRACT then spreads to liver

EXCRETED in STOOLS for TWO WEEKS PRECEDING ONSET of SYMPTOMS

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8
Q

HAV- Complications

A

FULMINANT HEPATITIS RARE

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9
Q

Where are HAV outbreaks common?

A

Nurseries

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10
Q

HEV- Case to case transmission??

A

Uncommon

LARGE INOCULUM needed to establish infection

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11
Q

HEV- Viremia?

A

Transient (NOT persistent)

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12
Q

HEV- Clinical Features (2)

A

ACUTE

SELF-LIMITING

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13
Q

HEV- Age?

A

Young adults

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14
Q

HEV- Immunity

A

Short-term memory

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15
Q

HEV- Complications

A

FULMINANT HEPATITIS in PREGNANT

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16
Q

HBV- General Characteristics (2)

A

ENVELOPED

DOUBLE STRANDED DNA

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17
Q

HBV- Antigens (3)

A

HBsAg —> SURFACE (COAT) protein
HBcAg —> INNER CORE protein
HBeAg —> SECRETED protein

18
Q

HBV- Transmission

A

BODY FLUIDS (blood, semen, vaginal fluids, menstrual blood, saliva)

19
Q

HBV- Complications (3)

A

FULMINANT HEPATITIS RARE
CIRRHOSIS
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

20
Q

HBV- Risk

A

Males > Females

21
Q

HBV- Window Phase

A

The period from 24-32 weeks when neither free HBsAg nor its antibody (Anti-HBsAg) can be detected

The failure to detected Anti-HBsAg early in infection is not because of lack of antibodies; instead, they are undetectable because they are complexed with large amount of antigen that is shed from infected cells

22
Q

HBs

A

HBsAg
- Live virus and infection

HBsAb

  • Recovery and immunity to HBV
  • Develops in people successfully vaccinated against HBV
23
Q

HBe

A

HBeAg

  • Active infection
  • Determines how contagious you are
  • Used to monitor effectiveness of treatment

HBeAb
- IgG = old infection

24
Q

HBc

A

HbcAb

  • Appears 1 month after active infection
  • Persists for life as they are not protective
  • Indicated previous or ongoing infection
  • Used by blood banks to screen

IgM = New infection

25
Q

Acute HBV

A

HBsAg
HBeAg
Anti-HBcAg (IgM)

26
Q

Chronic HBV High Infectivity

A

HBsAg
HBeAg
Anti-HBcAg (igG)

27
Q

Chronic HBV Low Infectivity

A

HBsAg
Anti-HBeAg
Anti-HBcAg (IgG)

28
Q

Recovery

A

Anti-HBsAg
Anti-HBeAg
Anti-HBcAg (IgG)

29
Q

Immununized

A

Anti-HBsAg

30
Q

HBV- Active Immunization

A

Serum derived —> Prepared from HBsAg

Recombinant HBsAg —> By genetic engineering in yeasts

31
Q

HBV- Passive Immunization

A

Administered to non-immune individuals following exposure to HBV- infected blood

E.g. Needle stick injury

32
Q

HCV- General Characteristics (2)

A

ssRNA

Enveloped

33
Q

HCV- Reservoirs (2)

A

Humans

Chimpanzees

34
Q

HCV- Progession (4)

A

Alcohol consumption
Males
Co-infection with HIV or HBV
Older

35
Q

HCV- Pathogenesis (2)

A

Enters bloodstream

Infects hepatocytes

36
Q

HCV- Clinical Manifestations (3)

A

Milder than HBV
Most ASYMPTOMATIC
Most PERSISTENT liver infection leading to CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS

37
Q

HCV- Diagnosis (2)

A

IgG —> EXPOSURE NOT INFECTIVITY

RNA —> INFECTIVITY

38
Q

HDV- General Characteristics (2)

A 
DEFECTIVE virus (can’t replicate on its own)
Cannot code for its own surface proteins and so in order to produce more virus particles; it needs a HELPER virus —> HBV
39
Q

HDV- Acquired

A

Along with HBV (CO-INFECTION) or as SUPER-INFECTION of an already HBV-INFECTED individual

40
Q

HDV- Coinfection

A
  • Exacerbates ACUTE disease

- FULMINANT HEPATITIS more likely

41
Q

HDV- Superinfection

A
  • CHRONIC liver disease accompanied by CIRRHOSIS

Viruses (6 decks)

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