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Viruses > DNA Viruses > Flashcards

DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Adenoviruses Replication

A

Cell nucleus

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2
Q

Adenovirus Three Main Groups

A

Respiratory Diseases —> B and C

Eye Infections —> B and D

Gastrointestinal Disease —> F40, F41, G52

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3
Q

Adenovirus more common in?

A
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4
Q

Adenovirus Latency?

A

May occur in LYMPHOID TISSUE, ADENOID, TONSILS, INTESTINE with occasional and low-level shedding of virus during life

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5
Q

Adenovirus Clinical Manifestations (4)

A

1- Respiratory diseases

2- Ocular diseases

3- Non-respiratory syndromes

4- Intestinal Infections

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6
Q

Adenovirus- Respiratory Diseases (4)

A

1- Acute Febrile Pharyngitis (Infants, young children, cough, fever, stuffy nose)

2- Pharyngoconjunctival Fever (Children and young adults- outbreaks at children summer camps e.g. swimming pool conjunctivitis)

3- Acute Respiratory Disease (Outbreaks of URT and LRT infections in military recruits)

4- Pneumonia (among AIDS and Immunocompromised)

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7
Q

Adenovirus- Ocular Diseases (2)

A

1- Conjunctivitis (Red eye)
(Complete recovery)

2- Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (Shipyard eye)
(Aggressive conjunctivitis mainly in adults, pain, photophobia, lymphadenopathy, keratitis - (inflammation of cornea) result in impaired eye vision

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8
Q

Adenovirus- Non-respiratory syndromes (Immunosuppressed) (2)

A

1- Hemorrhagic cystitis

2- Meningoencephalitis

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9
Q

Adenovirus- Intestinal infections (F40, F41)

A

Adenoviruses account for 15% of gastroenteritis among children (Acute Diarrhea)

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10
Q

Adenovirus Treatment (3)

A

Supporting and relieving symptoms

NO ANTIVIRAL drug

Most infections self-limited and do not warrant specific therapy

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11
Q

Adenovirus Prevention (2)

A

1- Live oral vaccine against type 4 and 7 for military only

2- Keep swimming pools adequately chlorinated

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12
Q

Poxviruses General Characteristics (3)

A

Largest of all viruses

Enveloped

Brick-shaped

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13
Q

Poxviruses Replication

A

Within Cytoplasm of affected cell

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14
Q

Poxviruses Transmission

A

Zoonotic disease: humans, vertebrates, arthropods are natural hosts

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15
Q

What do Poxvirus infections result in? (3)

A

Lesions, Skin Nodules, Disseminated Rash

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16
Q

Smallpox (Variola) Transmission (2)

A

1- Coughing or sneezing

2- Direct contact with fluid in Papules and Scabs

ERADICATED

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17
Q

Vaccinia Virus (2)

A

Virus used as LIVE ATTENUATED vaccine to eradicate SMALLPOX

Papules at site of vaccination, rash, vesicles, swelling, and inflammation

18
Q

Cowpox Virus (6)

A

Closely related to Variola

Mildly eruptive disease in cows (ulcers on teats)

Wood mice are natural reservoir

Cows, cats, and humans are accidental hosts

Rare infection of humans (Farm workers). Transmitted by direct contact with infected cows during milking

Self-contained, localized ulcer on hands, face, or at other sites where scratched or abrasions allowed entry of virus

19
Q

Monkeypox Virus (3)

A

Disease resembles Smallpox with significant mortality rate

Sources: Squirrels (main reservoir), Priarie dogs, Gambian giant rats, Primates

Transmission:

  • Contact with infected animal blood, lesion, or body fluids
  • Infected respiratory droplets or touching infected body fluids
20
Q

ORF (3)

A

Transmitted to human by direct contact with infected sheep

PUSTULAR DERMATITIS (Painless solitary or multiple cutaneous lesions on hand, forearm, or face)

Treatment —> CIDOFOVIR

21
Q

Pseudocowpox Virus (4)

A

Disease of cattle (cows, bulls, oxen, or calves)

Causing ring or horseshoe shaped coatings on teats, which usually heal within 6 weeks

Lesions may develop on mouths of nursing calves

In humans, lesions are NODULAR, appear on hands of milkers (MILKER’S NODULES)

22
Q

Molluscipoxvirus (Molluscum Contagiosum)- Children

A

Transmitted by saliva

Nodular lesions on trunk and extremities

Round, firm, umbilicated, and painless

23
Q

Molluscipoxvirus (Molluscum Contagiosum)- Adults

A

Transmitted sexually

Lesions limited to genitals, lower abdomen, and inner thighs

Self-limiting disease

24
Q

What is Electron microscopy used to distinguish between?

A

Pox and Herpes virions

25
Q

Papillomaviruses General Characteristics (3)

A

Non-enveloped

Not growing in cell cultures

Develop into nodules- painless

26
Q

What do Papillomaviruses infect? (3)

A

Infect basal cells

Vision in keratinocytes

Excessive growth of brown to grey tissue

27
Q

Papillomaviruses- Latency

A

In basal cells

28
Q

Papillomaviruses- Clinical Manifestations (6)

A

1- Hyperkeratosis (Cutaneous warts)

2- Condyloma acuminata (Genital warts)

3- Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)

4- Laryngeal papilloma

5- Intraepithelial Neoplasia

6- Cervical cancer

29
Q

Hyperkeratosis (Cutaneous warts) (2)

A

Flat warts —> Verruca planae

Common warts —> Verruca vulgaris

30
Q

Condyloma Acuminata (Genital warts) (3)

A

Benign genital warts in both sex (LOW RISK types)

LATENCY

RECCURENCIES

31
Q

Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis (EV) (3)

A

High risk of CARCINOMA of skin exposed to SUNLIGHT

Scaly macules and reddish papules, particularly on face, hands, and feet

HPV 5 and 8

32
Q

Laryngeal Papilloma (4)

A

Most common in CHILDREN

HPV 6 and 11

Transmitted during DELIVERY and establish PERSISTENT infection

Bad voice and breathing difficulties

33
Q

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 45 causation of carcinoma in both Cervix and Penis

34
Q

HPV Treatment (4)

A

1- Cryotherapy

2- Surgical excision

3- Laser therapy

4- Cidofovir

35
Q

HPV Vaccines (3)

A

Cervarix—> HPV 16 and 18 (cause cervical cancer)

Gardasil—> HPV 6 and 11 (cause genital warts) and HPV 16 and 18 (cause cervical cancer)

Gardasil 9 —> HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 (cause cervical cancer) and HPV 6 and 11 (cause genital warts)

36
Q

Polyomaviruses (5)

A

Non-enveloped

Widespread in nature, mammals, and birds serve as natural hosts

Common CHILDHOOD infection, mostly asymptomatic

In immunocompetent hosts, viruses remain LATENT after primary infection

REACTIVATE during immunosuppression

37
Q

Polyomavirus JC- Clinical Manifestations (4)

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Rare and fatal —> Progressive damage or inflammation of WHITE MATTER of brain

Occurs in people with severe immunodeficiency e.g. AIDS

Symptoms include weakness, paralysis, vision loss, impaired speech, coma, and death

38
Q

Polyomavirus JC- Treatment (2)

A

1- Antiviral Drugs —> Cidofovir

2- Antimalarial Drugs —> Mefloquine

39
Q

Polyomavirus JC- Diagnosis (2)

A

1- PCR: In CSF or brain biopsy specimen

2- MRI: Characteristic evidence of damage in brain

40
Q

Polyomavirus BK- Clinical Manifestations (4)

A

Immunocompetent —> Asymptomatic, after primary infection LATENCY in KIDNEY and URINARY TRACT

Transplant patients —>
1- Hemorrhagic Cystitis (in HSCT recipients)
2- Ureteric Stenosis (in Renal transplant recipients)
3- BKV-associated Nephropathy (leading to graft rejection due to damage of kidney)

41
Q

Polyomavirus BK- Treatment (2)

A

1- Lowering immunosuppressive agents

2- Cidofovir

42
Q

Merckel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV)- Clinical Manifestations (3)

A

Merkel Cell Carcinoma —> Rare skin cancer and highly aggressive

SUM-EXPOSED face, head, and neck

Metastasizes quickly, tending towards regional lymph nodes

Viruses (6 decks)

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