Hepatitis Virology Flashcards
Name 4 non infectious causes of hepatitis:
Alcoholism
Auto-immune diseases
Drugs
Toxins
Name 4 infectious causes of viral hepatitis:
- Hepatitis viruses.
- Other viruses I.e. EBV, CMV, HSV, Adenovirus, Haemorrhagic fevers.
- Bacterial infections I.e. TB
- Parasitic infections I.e. Malaria
List the 5 types of Hepatitis viruses:
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
Which 2 Hepatitis viruses is spread faecal orally.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Which of the Hepatitis viruses is spread parenterally (other than through the digestive system)
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Which viridae does Hepatitis A belong to?
PicornA viridae
Which viridae does Hepatitis B belong to?
Hepadnaviridae
Which viridae does Hepatitis C belong to?
Flavi viridae
Which viridae does Hepatitis D and E belong to?
Hepatitis D- Unclassified
Hepatitis E- HepEviridae
Classify the different hepatitis viruses according to whether they are DNA or RNA, as well as enveloped or naked.
Hepatitis A- RNA Virus; Naked Hepatitis B- DNA Virus; Enveloped Hepatitis C- RNA Virus; Enveloped Hepatitis D- RNA Virus; Naked Hepatitis E- RNA Virus; Naked
What are the incubation periods of the different hepatitis infections?
Hepatitis A: 2-4 weeks
Hepatitis B: 4-6 weeks
Hepatitis C: 4-6 weeks
Hepatitis E: 2- 4 weeks
What is the epidemiology of hepatitis A, what is the incidence age and where are outbreaks commonly seen?
Hepatitis A is spread due to a lack of sanitation typically in developing countries- poor sanitation and poor hygiene
Children are typically affected
Outbreaks are common in daycares, military and closed institutions.
Is hepatitis A self-limiting or does it present with possible chronic carriage?
Self limiting
- Rarely causes fulminant hepatitis
Briefly explain the transmission of Hepatitis A:
Faecal oral transmission Contact with contaminated food or water - Raw shell fish - Food contaminated by infected food handlers Person to person contact - Day care centers - Military personel - Persons in an institution. Homosexual contact Via IV drug use Transmission through blood via blood transfusion.
Briefly explain the faecal-oral transmission of Hepatitis A:
Ingestion of infected material. Absorption into the small intestines from the stomach. Replication in the liver Secretion into bile. Excretion in stool
Name 3 ways that hepatitis A can be diagnosed:
RT-PCR
Serology (HAV; IgM or IgG)
Electron microscopy
What is the treatment for hepatitis A?
No treatment: Self limiting infection.
Not chronic.
Give 6 ways that Hepatitis A can be prevented:
Improving sanitation practices Vaccination - Live attenuated - Inactivated Adherence to sanitary practices I.e. washing Hands. Chlorination a certain disinfectant solutions. HAV immunoglobulins. Heating food appropriately
What 2 types of pre-exposure prophylaxis are available for Hepatits A?
HAV Vaccine:
- EPI younger than 1 years old
- Booster at 18 months
- Traveling to endemic areas:
Children and adults must get vaccinated 2 weeks before travel.
Pt. with chronic liver disease: vaccination 1 month before travel.
HAV Immunoglobulins:
- Provides 3 month protection
- Given to patients under 12 months who need the protection
- Given to patients traveling to endemic areas.
What post exposure prophylaxis is available for exposure to Hepatitis A?
HAV immunoglobulins
- Given within 72 hours
- Can be used up to 2 weeks
HAV Vaccine
- 2 -40 years old
- Within 2 weeks after exposure.
15- 27 days since exposure
- Immunoglobulins can be considered for high risk patients.
> Underlying liver disease.
> Immunosuppressed patients
What is the epidemiology of hepatitis E and what is the incidence age?
Hepatitis E (Hepe viridae) is caused by water contamination. Children are typically infected.