hepatitis Flashcards
what is hepatitis
inflammatory condition of the liver
what are symptoms of hepatitis A
- fever
- malaise
- anorexia
- nausea
- arthralgia
- jaundice
- hepatosplenomegaly
- adenopathy
who is at risk of hepatitis A
- people travelling
- people in overcrowded /poor hygiene areas
- gay men
- people who inject drugs
how is hepatitis A spead
faecal-oral route
how do you treat hepatitis A
- supportive
- avoid alcohol
what confirms hepatitis A
HepA IgM in blood
- only ever acute never chronic - therefore there is no IgG in blood, only IgM
What are symptoms of hepatitis B
- fever
- malaise
- anorexia
- nausea
- arthralgia (more than hepA)
- jaundice
- hepatosplenomegaly
- adenopathy
who is at risk of hepatitis B
- intravenous drug users
- health workers
- haemophiliacs
- people who have a lot of sex
how is hepatitis B spread
- blood (intravenous drug user)
- sexual
- direct contact
- mother to child
what is the treatment for hepatitis B
Acute – supportive, avoid alcohol (no antivirals for acute)
Chronic – antivirals; adefovir, Entecavir, tenofovir, PEG interferon alpha
what are the symptoms for hepatitis C
Early infection – asymptomatic/mild
¼ will get cirrhosis (4% of these get hepatocellular carcinoma)
who is at risk of hepatitis C
- male
- older
- use of alcohol
- HIV
how can you spread hepatitis C
- blood transfusion
- sexual
how do you treat hepatitis C
- quit alcohol
- antivirals: simeprevir, ledipasivr, sofosbuvir
what are symptoms of hepatitis E
clinically like hepA
who can get hepatitis E
- immunocompromised humans can get chronic infection
how is hepatitis E spread
- faecal-oral
- zoonosis
what is treatment for hepatitis E
no specific treatment
when IgM is present what type of infection is it
acute
when IgG is present what type of infection is it
chronic
what do you look at to help you diagnose hepatitis B
- HBsAG
- HBeAG
- anti-HBs
- anti-HBe
- anti-HBc
- HBV DNA PCR
what is HBsAG
- surface antigen
- screen for evidence of infection
what is HBeAG
- e antigen
- indicates high viral replication/infectivity
what is anti-HBs
- surface antibody
- in infection usually seen with loss of HBsAG (indicating clearance of infection)
- in vaccinated people shows immunity
what is anti-HBe
- e antibody
- indicates clearance of eAg/ reduced viral replication/ reduced infectivity
what is anti-HBc
- core antibody
- only seen in previously infected patients ( not in vaccinated patients )
what is HBV DNA PCR
- used to assess level of viraemia
what causes acute viral hepatitis
- mainly caused by A,B,E
what are symptoms of acute viral hepatitis
- abdominal pain
- nausea
- vomitting
- jaundice
- diarrhoea
how do you diagnose acute viral hepatitis
- marked raised ALT and AST
- bilirubin may be elevated
- relativly normal Alk Phos/gamma-GT
what is treatment for acute viral hepatitis
- supportive
- monitor for fulfilment hepatic failure
- antiviral rarely indicated
notify public health
what causes chronic viral hepatitis
C
what are the symptoms of chronic viral hepatitis
- limited symptoms unless advanced disease
