Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IM 7 Test 2 > Hepatic Failure > Flashcards

Hepatic Failure Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the liver

A

Produces - clotting factors, proteins, bile

Detox - remove med, bilirubin, drugs, alchol, bacteria

Storage - glycogen, vitamins, minerals

Metabolize - nutrients from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

etiology of acute liver failure X4

A

viruses, drug use, genetic disease, poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what viruses cause acute liver failure

A

Hep A, B, C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what drugs often cause acute liver failure X2

A

acetaminophen overdose

TB meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most common cause of acute liver failure

A

acetaminophen OD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

acetaminophen OD antidote X2

A

acetylcystine, activated charcoal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what genetic disease causes acute liver failure

A

wilsons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is wilsons disease

A

excess copper buildup targeting brain and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the most common poison causing acute liver failure

A

mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

any chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when does liver failure become chronic

A

> 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

s/s of liver failure/cirrhosis X9

A

fatigue

hepatomegaly

jaundice

ascites

skin lesions

hematologic disorders

endocrine disturbancies

peripheral neuropathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first clinical sign of cirrhosis

A

change in mentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is jaundice early or late s/s

A

early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why do liver failure pts have bruises

A

no clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endocrine system changes

A

elevated testosterone

elevated estrogen

elevated aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hematologic disorders of liver failure X4

A

thrombocytopenia

leukopenia

anemia

coagulation disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is thrombocytopenia a medical emergency

A

platelets <20K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal WBC range

A

5-10K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is leukopenia

A

low white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does WBC change from chronic to acute failure

A

may raise initially then decrease as time goes on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

normal hgb for males

A

12-18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normal hct in males

A

42-52

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

normal hct in females

A

47-57

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when do you transfuse males and females

A

when hgb is <7 in males and <6.2 in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

asterixis

A

hand tremors/flapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

fector hepaticus

A

strong, musty breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

caput medusae

A

giant, pronounced veins on ascites stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

wound healing vitamins

A

ADEK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

normal ammonia level

A

10-80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ammonia during liver failure

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

AST/ALT during liver failure

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

bilirubin normal

A

<1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

bilirubin during liver failure

A

increased, 2.5+

36
Q

lactic acid during liver failure

A

increased

37
Q

PTT, PT, INR during liver failure

A

increased

38
Q

normal ast

A

0-35

39
Q

what does AST say

A

if liver is diseased or damaged

40
Q

normal ALT

A

0-35

41
Q

why would AST/ALT be normal in chronic failure

A

all the cells have died off

42
Q

PT normal

A

11-12.5 seconds

43
Q

INR normal

A

0.8-1.1

44
Q

critical INR

A

> 5

45
Q

what does INR measure

A

accuracy of PT

46
Q

albumin in liver failure

A

decreases

47
Q

glucose in liver failure

A

decreases

48
Q

K, Na, Mg in liver failure

A

decreases

49
Q

platelets in liver failure

A

decreases

50
Q

RBC’s in liver failure

A

decreases

51
Q

WBC’s in liver failure

A

decreases

52
Q

normal alkaline phosphate

A

30-120

53
Q

alkaline phosphate in liver failure

A

varies - will be increased when cirrhotic

54
Q

Creatinine in liver failure

A

varies

55
Q

dx studies for liver failure X5

A

ultrasound

fibro scan

upper endoscopy

radioisotope liver scan

liver biopsy

56
Q

what is a fibro scan

A

measures fibrosis/scarring of liver

57
Q

gold standard test for cirrhosis

A

liver biopsy

58
Q

post-op biopsy risks

A

bleeding

bed rest until MD order

59
Q

which side does pt lay on post liver biopsy

A

right side to decrease r/o hemorrhage

60
Q

benzos X2

A

lorazepam

midazolam

61
Q

anesthetic agents in liver failure

A

propofol

62
Q

transfusions in liver failure X2

A

fresh frozen plasma, and/or whole blood

63
Q

what does portal hypertension lead to X3

A

esophageal and/or gastric varices

splenomegaly

ascites

64
Q

complications of cirrhosis X7

A

portal HTN

peripheral edema

hepatic encephalopathy

hepatorenal syndrome

metabolic acidosis

sepsis

multiorgan failure

65
Q

lab value associated with hepatic encephalopathy

A

elevated ammonia

66
Q

what are varices

A

enlarged or swollen veins caused by HTN

67
Q

how do you prevent bleeding for varices

A

beta blockers

68
Q

how do you stop bleeding in varices

A

vasopressors

EGD banding/sclerotherapy

balloon tamponade therapy

69
Q

what does sandostatin do

A

inhibit release of vasoconstriction hormones

70
Q

when is a portacaval shunt done

A

only if portal vein is blocked, dead, necrotic

71
Q

ascites med tx X2

A

albumin and diuretic therapy

72
Q

ascites procedure tx

A

paracentesis

73
Q

what position should a person with ascites be in

A

high fowlers

74
Q

NI for paracentesis X6

A

pt voids immediately before

monitor for:
hypovolemia
electrolytes
BP
HR
dressing
75
Q

what is hepatic encephalopaty

A

the liver is unable to convert increased ammonia which crosses the BBB

76
Q

S/S of HE X9

A 
confusion
lethargy/coma
personality changes
asterixis
fine motor problems
musty breath
seizures
hyperventilation
suppressed gag reflex
77
Q

normal ICP

A

normal 5-15

78
Q

complications of HE

A

brain swelling

organ failure

79
Q

tx of HE

A

Correct cause

Lower ICP

lower ammonia levels

80
Q

how do you lower ICP X3

A

minimal stimulatoin

oxygenation and ventilatoin

osmotic diuretics

81
Q

how do you lower ammonia levels

A

lactulose

rifaximin

82
Q

common lactulose SE

A

3-5 stools/day

83
Q

what does rifaximin do

A

decreases ammonia production

84
Q

why is mannitol used in HE

A

crosses the BBB

85
Q

nutrition in liver failure

A

high in calores

protein supplement

increase carbs

mod-low fat

IM 7 Test 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions