Care of the Respiratory Patient Flashcards
V/Q
ventilation to perfusion ratio
what is V
air moving in and out of the lung
what is Q
blood circulating to the areas of the lung
regional mismatches - lung apex and bases
apex - less ventilation and perfusion
bases - more ventilation and perfusion
X2 causes of hypoxemic respiratory failure
lungs are adequately ventilated but not perfused
the lungs are perfused but inadequately ventilated
intrapulmonary shunt
extreme V/Q mismatch or imbalance
blood shunted past collapsed alveoli
what is the first step in reversing hypoxemia
oxygen therapy
what is hypoxemic respiratory failure
oxygenation failure
insufficient O2 transferred to blood
what is hypercapnic respiratory failure X3
ventilatory failure
decreased ventilation or CO2 removal
hypoventilation
Hypoxemic respiratory failure PaO2 and O2
PaO2 - <60 mmHg
O2 >60%
hypercapnic respiratory failure PaCO2 and pH
PaCO2 >50 mmHg
pH <7.35
X3 conditions that cause hypoxemia
V/Q mismatch
shunt around alveoli
blockages in alveoli or bronchioles
X2 conditions that increase O2 demand and contribute to hypoxia
anxiety
unrelieved pain
conditions causing impaired ventilation X4
CNS problems
NM conditions
Chest wall abnormalities
conditions affecting that airways and/or alveoli
can the body tolerate high CO2 or low O2 better
high CO2
increased CO2 leads to X3
morning HA
decreased RR
decreased LOC
X5 Clinical s/s of acute respiratory failure
increased Co2
cyanosis
dysrhythmias
stupor
lethargy
when is cyanosis a late sign of respiratory failure
when PaO2 is <45
late signs of respiratory failure X3
dysrhythmias
stupor
lethargy
general s/s of respiratory failure X11
AMS
dyspnea
tachypnea
nasal flaring
use of accessory/intercostal muscles
paradoxical breathing
tachycardia
HTN
diaphoresis
fatigue
non-verbal
what should the nurse assess in respiratory failure X6
position
work of breathing
breathing pattern
ability to speak
pursed lip breathing
retractions
X3 labs in respiratory failure
H&H
ABGs
Albumin
when should nutritional therapy start in acute respiratory failure
within 24-48 hours