Henry & Wolsey 1509 - 1529 Flashcards
Give 3 features of life in Tudor England.
- Catholic country
- there was a hierarchy
Give 3 characteristics of Henry as a young king.
athletic, stubborn, delegated power
What did Henry like to spend money on?
wars & court life
Why did Henry have little interest in, as a young king?
government & politics
What religion was England in 1509?
Catholic
When was Henry crowned king?
1509
When did Henry marry Catherine of Aragon?
1509
Who was Catherine of Aragon?
Henry VIII’s 1st wife & Charles V’s aunt
Who was Charles V?
King of Spain & Holy Roman Empire
What religious concept did Henry believe in? What was this?
Divine Right of Kings - blvd chosen by God -> be king
Who was Head of the Catholic Church in England?
Pope
What was Wolseys’ father’s job ? What was Wolsey born to?
butcher - humble bgnnngs
What was Wolsey’s nickname? What does it mean?
Alter Rex - Second King
What was Wolsey appointed as in 1507?
Royal Chaplain -> King Henry VII
What happened in 1512, that meant Wolsey gained Henry’s favour?
successfully advised Henry on his invasion of France
What was Wosley appointed as in 1914?
Archbishop of York
What 2 major things happened to Wolsey’s status? When?
1915 - appointed Cardinal & Chief Minister
What was Wolsey appointed as in 1518? What did this mean?
Papal Legate - Pope’s rprsnttv
How did Henry’s disinterest in government allow Wolsey to rise to power?
able -> control & complete tasks in running country & prove hmslf -> Henry
How did Wolsey’s being appointed as Royal Almoner help him rise to power?
1509 - had ability -> communicate with king & convinced Henry of gd qualities
How did Henry’s dislike of his father’s advisers allow Wolsey to rise to power?
Wolsey’s decisisivenss & humble bgnnings would promote him -> Henry
How did Wolsey’s supplying Henry’s war with France allow him to rise to power?
Wolsey proved himself & recieved financial rewards
How did Wolsey’s personality allow him to rise to power?
Wolsey was persuasive & had large influence over Henry & bcm Alter Rex
Define the Holy Roman Empire.
semi - independent countries controlled by Charles V
What were Henry’s foreign policy aims?
- better rltnshp w France & Spanish Empire
- military glory in battle
- internationally respected leaer & European peacemaker
- England was not isolated in Europe
What was the Battle of the Spurs? When was it?
1514 - final bttle in French war = victory -> Henry
What foreign policy did the Battle of the Spurs achieve? Why?
military glory in bttle - Henry seen as = strong, military leader
What was the Treaty of London? When was it?
1518 - Wolsey got 20 european leaders -> agree to not attack each other
What foreign policy did the Treaty of London achieve? Why?
Henry = european peacemaker - no war in Europe for 3 yrs & intiated by England
What was the Field of Cloth of Gold? When was it?
1520 - meeting arranged by Wolsey bwtn Francis I & Henry @ Calais, an impressive display of English power & wealth
What foreign policy did the Field of Cloth of Gold achieve? Why?
better rltnshp w France & Henry internationally rspctd leader - Henry = @ centre of European diplomacy
What was the Treaty of Bruges? When was it?
1521 - Wolsey agreed -> side w Charles V
What foreign policy did the Treaty of Bruges achieve? Why?
better relationship w France & miltary glory - as secured 1 year delay of army -> France
What was the war with France? When was it?
1522-1525: war w France & alliance w Spain failed, cost England £430,000 & Henry’s popularity = damaged
What foreign policy did the war with France achieve? Why?
none - England’s world standing ↓
What was the Treaty of More? When was it?
1525 - England side w France = peace & Henry gave up claims -> france for annual
££
What foreign policy did the Treaty of More achieve?
internationally rspctd leader & peacemker - overall respect for Henry
What was the Treaty of Westminster? When was it?
1527 - Wolsey organised League of Cognac= alliance w France, Pope, Venice & Florence to stop Charles V invdng Italy
What foreign policy did the Treaty of Westminster achieve? Why?
Henry = internationally rspctd leader/peacemkr & England not isolated in Europe - Henry gnd power ovr Spain
What was the war of France v Spain? When was it?
1528 - France declared war on Spain
What foreign policy did the war of France v Spain achieve? Why?
playing Spain & France off agnst each other but damaged Henry’s rep as an ally - England gave little help
What was the Treaty of Cambrai? When was it?
1529 - Francis made peace w Charles & left England isolated
What foreign policy did the Treaty of Cambrai achieve? Why?
none - Henry & Wolsey had not achieved their goals for England = left powerless over Europe & not v wealthy
What were positives regarding Wolsey’s domestic policy to do with finance?
- raised money for wars
- lower class people taxed less than rich
Why did Henry enforce new taxation as part of his domestic policies?
needed ££ for wars abroad
How did Henry enforce new taxation as part of his domestic policies? give 2 examples
1522-23 - landowners had to lend money
-> gov
taxes on movable goods =1/15th rural & 1/10 urban
What were negatives regarding Wolsey’s domestic policies to do with finance?
rich people = angry @ Wosley, as they were taxed the most & land taken
Why did Wolsey investigate enclosures?
invstgtd landowners who forced tenant farmers off their land
How many cases did Wolsey bring against landowners? In which year?
1517 - 260
What was the result of Wolsey’s justice for tenant farmers?
angrd ££ landownrs & 1523 - parliament forced him -> stop
In what 4 ways did Wolsey improve the justice system?
- strgnthd Star Chamber
-encrgd poor -> bring cases -> court - spptrd cases of poor agnst rich
- ovrsw court cases himself
What was the Star Chamber?
court that gve justice on king’s behalf
What was the downside to Wolsey’s new justice system?
crtcsd by ££ who felt he was seeking revenge on upper class
Why the Eltham Ordinances created?
-> tackle misspending & bad mngment of palaces
What were 2 features of the Eltham Ordinances?
- no. of Privy Chamber gentleman from
12 -> 6 - sacked servants who = sick or not needed
What happened after Wolsey reduced number of men in Privy Chamber?
largely lost interest in other goals
What was the positives of the Eltham Ordinances?
saved lots of £££
What was the Amicable Grant?
1525 tax that King’s subjects had to pay for invasion of France
What was the downside to the Amicable Grant? What did this lead to?
people only had 10 weeks -> pay taxes & led to rebellion
What the Amicable Grant rebellion? Who was it dispersed by?
led in Suffolk w 10,000 men - Duke of Norfold & Suffolk
How did the Amicable Grant rebellion end?
everyone pardoned by King, tax abandoned & Henry postponed French war
