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GCSE History - Henry VIII > Henry & Wolsey 1509 - 1529 > Flashcards

Henry & Wolsey 1509 - 1529 Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 3 features of life in Tudor England.

A
  • Catholic country
  • there was a hierarchy
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2
Q

Give 3 characteristics of Henry as a young king.

A

athletic, stubborn, delegated power

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3
Q

What did Henry like to spend money on?

A

wars & court life

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4
Q

Why did Henry have little interest in, as a young king?

A

government & politics

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5
Q

What religion was England in 1509?

A

Catholic

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6
Q

When was Henry crowned king?

A

1509

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7
Q

When did Henry marry Catherine of Aragon?

A

1509

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8
Q

Who was Catherine of Aragon?

A

Henry VIII’s 1st wife & Charles V’s aunt

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9
Q

Who was Charles V?

A

King of Spain & Holy Roman Empire

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10
Q

What religious concept did Henry believe in? What was this?

A

Divine Right of Kings - blvd chosen by God -> be king

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11
Q

Who was Head of the Catholic Church in England?

A

Pope

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12
Q

What was Wolseys’ father’s job ? What was Wolsey born to?

A

butcher - humble bgnnngs

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13
Q

What was Wolsey’s nickname? What does it mean?

A

Alter Rex - Second King

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14
Q

What was Wolsey appointed as in 1507?

A

Royal Chaplain -> King Henry VII

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15
Q

What happened in 1512, that meant Wolsey gained Henry’s favour?

A

successfully advised Henry on his invasion of France

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16
Q

What was Wosley appointed as in 1914?

A

Archbishop of York

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17
Q

What 2 major things happened to Wolsey’s status? When?

A

1915 - appointed Cardinal & Chief Minister

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18
Q

What was Wolsey appointed as in 1518? What did this mean?

A

Papal Legate - Pope’s rprsnttv

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19
Q

How did Henry’s disinterest in government allow Wolsey to rise to power?

A

able -> control & complete tasks in running country & prove hmslf -> Henry

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20
Q

How did Wolsey’s being appointed as Royal Almoner help him rise to power?

A

1509 - had ability -> communicate with king & convinced Henry of gd qualities

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21
Q

How did Henry’s dislike of his father’s advisers allow Wolsey to rise to power?

A

Wolsey’s decisisivenss & humble bgnnings would promote him -> Henry

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22
Q

How did Wolsey’s supplying Henry’s war with France allow him to rise to power?

A

Wolsey proved himself & recieved financial rewards

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23
Q

How did Wolsey’s personality allow him to rise to power?

A

Wolsey was persuasive & had large influence over Henry & bcm Alter Rex

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24
Q

Define the Holy Roman Empire.

A

semi - independent countries controlled by Charles V

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25
Q

What were Henry’s foreign policy aims?

A
  • better rltnshp w France & Spanish Empire
  • military glory in battle
  • internationally respected leaer & European peacemaker
  • England was not isolated in Europe
26
Q

What was the Battle of the Spurs? When was it?

A

1514 - final bttle in French war = victory -> Henry

27
Q

What foreign policy did the Battle of the Spurs achieve? Why?

A

military glory in bttle - Henry seen as = strong, military leader

28
Q

What was the Treaty of London? When was it?

A

1518 - Wolsey got 20 european leaders -> agree to not attack each other

29
Q

What foreign policy did the Treaty of London achieve? Why?

A

Henry = european peacemaker - no war in Europe for 3 yrs & intiated by England

30
Q

What was the Field of Cloth of Gold? When was it?

A

1520 - meeting arranged by Wolsey bwtn Francis I & Henry @ Calais, an impressive display of English power & wealth

31
Q

What foreign policy did the Field of Cloth of Gold achieve? Why?

A

better rltnshp w France & Henry internationally rspctd leader - Henry = @ centre of European diplomacy

32
Q

What was the Treaty of Bruges? When was it?

A

1521 - Wolsey agreed -> side w Charles V

33
Q

What foreign policy did the Treaty of Bruges achieve? Why?

A

better relationship w France & miltary glory - as secured 1 year delay of army -> France

34
Q

What was the war with France? When was it?

A

1522-1525: war w France & alliance w Spain failed, cost England £430,000 & Henry’s popularity = damaged

35
Q

What foreign policy did the war with France achieve? Why?

A

none - England’s world standing ↓

36
Q

What was the Treaty of More? When was it?

A

1525 - England side w France = peace & Henry gave up claims -> france for annual
££

37
Q

What foreign policy did the Treaty of More achieve?

A

internationally rspctd leader & peacemker - overall respect for Henry

38
Q

What was the Treaty of Westminster? When was it?

A

1527 - Wolsey organised League of Cognac= alliance w France, Pope, Venice & Florence to stop Charles V invdng Italy

39
Q

What foreign policy did the Treaty of Westminster achieve? Why?

A

Henry = internationally rspctd leader/peacemkr & England not isolated in Europe - Henry gnd power ovr Spain

40
Q

What was the war of France v Spain? When was it?

A

1528 - France declared war on Spain

41
Q

What foreign policy did the war of France v Spain achieve? Why?

A

playing Spain & France off agnst each other but damaged Henry’s rep as an ally - England gave little help

42
Q

What was the Treaty of Cambrai? When was it?

A

1529 - Francis made peace w Charles & left England isolated

43
Q

What foreign policy did the Treaty of Cambrai achieve? Why?

A

none - Henry & Wolsey had not achieved their goals for England = left powerless over Europe & not v wealthy

44
Q

What were positives regarding Wolsey’s domestic policy to do with finance?

A
  • raised money for wars
  • lower class people taxed less than rich
45
Q

Why did Henry enforce new taxation as part of his domestic policies?

A

needed ££ for wars abroad

46
Q

How did Henry enforce new taxation as part of his domestic policies? give 2 examples

A

1522-23 - landowners had to lend money
-> gov
taxes on movable goods =1/15th rural & 1/10 urban

47
Q

What were negatives regarding Wolsey’s domestic policies to do with finance?

A

rich people = angry @ Wosley, as they were taxed the most & land taken

48
Q

Why did Wolsey investigate enclosures?

A

invstgtd landowners who forced tenant farmers off their land

49
Q

How many cases did Wolsey bring against landowners? In which year?

A

1517 - 260

50
Q

What was the result of Wolsey’s justice for tenant farmers?

A

angrd ££ landownrs & 1523 - parliament forced him -> stop

51
Q

In what 4 ways did Wolsey improve the justice system?

A
  • strgnthd Star Chamber
    -encrgd poor -> bring cases -> court
  • spptrd cases of poor agnst rich
  • ovrsw court cases himself
52
Q

What was the Star Chamber?

A

court that gve justice on king’s behalf

53
Q

What was the downside to Wolsey’s new justice system?

A

crtcsd by ££ who felt he was seeking revenge on upper class

54
Q

Why the Eltham Ordinances created?

A

-> tackle misspending & bad mngment of palaces

55
Q

What were 2 features of the Eltham Ordinances?

A
  • no. of Privy Chamber gentleman from
    12 -> 6
  • sacked servants who = sick or not needed
56
Q

What happened after Wolsey reduced number of men in Privy Chamber?

A

largely lost interest in other goals

57
Q

What was the positives of the Eltham Ordinances?

A

saved lots of £££

58
Q

What was the Amicable Grant?

A

1525 tax that King’s subjects had to pay for invasion of France

59
Q

What was the downside to the Amicable Grant? What did this lead to?

A

people only had 10 weeks -> pay taxes & led to rebellion

60
Q

What the Amicable Grant rebellion? Who was it dispersed by?

A

led in Suffolk w 10,000 men - Duke of Norfold & Suffolk

61
Q

How did the Amicable Grant rebellion end?

A

everyone pardoned by King, tax abandoned & Henry postponed French war

GCSE History - Henry VIII (4 decks)

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