Henry VIII & Wolsey Flashcards
When did HVIII become King?
Did he have an advisor?
1509
Had no advisor, only the Privy Council
What were the first 3 actions he took?
1) Executed Empson & Dudley - scapegoats for Henry VII strict policies
2) Married Catherin of Aragon - strengthened dynasty
3) Appointed Wolsey
Why did Wolsey rise to power? Give 5 reasons.
1) Well-Educated
2) Reliable, trustworthy, organised
3) Flattery - told HVIII what he wanted to hear
4) Good work ethic
5) Manipulation
When did Wolsey become Chief Minister and Lord Chancellor?
1515
What were HVIII Foreign Policy Aims? (5)
1) Honour and Glory - Warrior King
2) Secure the French Crown
3) Maintain trade links
4) Secure the Dynasty
5) Collect Pension from the French
What were Wolsey’s Foreign Policy Aims? (5)
1) Preserve the balance of power in Europe
2) Have links with the Papacy
3) Humanistic Peace
4) Serve the King
5) Avoid Parliament
When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?
1520
What happened in the Field of the Cloth of Gold?
Ardes Meeting - A show of power between Henry and Francis (France)
Built temp palaces, displayed their wealth
HVIII image was enhanced but lots of money was spent for a little cause
What was the Habsburg-Valois Conflict?
1514 - Wolsey negotiated a marriage between LouisXII & Mary, gained £100K but failed b/c Louis died.
1519 - Charles became HRE, conflict between him an Francis begun b/c of Italian Wars
Charles called of ToL b/c Francis broke terms
What came out of the Habsburg-Valois Conflict?
Anglo-Imperial Alliance through the Treaty of Bruges
What was the Anglo-Imperial Alliance and when was it?
1521
Eng will invade FR unless they make peace with Charles
When was the Treaty of London?
LoT
1518
What was the ToL?
Non-aggression pact stating peaceful co-operation
signed by Eng, FR, Spain, HRE, Netherlands, Burgundy, Papacy
If 1 country breaks it then war
When was the 1st War with France?
1512-1514
What happened in the 1st War w/France?
1512 - Eng allied w/ Spain against FR
1513 - Defeated FR, captured Therouanne and Tournai
What was the outcome of the 1st war w/ France?
Wolsey Impressed Henry with his role as Quater Master General.
Wolsey becomes Bishop of Tournai
HVIII recognised as Warrior King
When was the 2nd War w/ France?
1523
What happened in the 2nd War w/ France?
- Eng army sent to FR, W wanted to withdraw b/c of expenses
- W’s betray led to Charles winning against FR at the Battle of Pavia (1525)
- H asked Charles to divide FR between them & he would be French King - FAILED
- C releases Francis (thought he could control him), he started fresh attacks.
- League of Cognac created
What was the Court of Chancery?
W’s Legal Reform
Upheld ‘fair’ justice in common & civil law
Dealt w/ wills, contracts and property
What was Wolsey willing to do in the Court of Chancery?
To punish the nobility for breaches of the law against maintenance
In the Court of Chancery, what did Wolsey do if he felt the cases were unfair?
He transferred them to his court for a fairer trail
When did Wolsey extend the use of the Star Chamber?
1516
What was the Star Chamber?
W’s Legal Reform
- It was the Centre of gov & justice
- Heard cases of misconduct by people who were dominant in localities
- It encouraged private lawsuits
What was the outcome of the Star Chamber?
- cases increased from 12 to 120
- had to create Overflow Tribunals b/c of the amt of cases
- Nobility were alienated
When were the Eltham Ordinances?
W’s Finacial Reform
1526
What did the Eltham Ordinances do?
Reformed the finances of the Privy Chamber
Limited the influence of the Privy Chamber - reduced amount
Who did Wolsey remove b/c of the Eltham Ordinances?
The Groom of the Stool
When was the Act of Resumption?
1515
What did the Act of Resumption do?
Restored crown lands that were lost in the Wars of the Roses
When was the Amicable Grant?
1525
What did the Amicable Grant do?
Raise money for the 2nd War with France through tax
Why did the Amicable Grant fail?
Wasnt passed through parliament - W scared of nobility
Cause disputes
When was the Tudor Subsidy introduced?
1523
What was the Tudor Subsidy?
Realistic Assessment of the nation’s wealth
Taxes were now based on income, not wealth
Did the Tudor Subsidy raise enough money to pay for the war w/ FR?
No, but did raise £322,000
What was Wolsey considered to be in terms of Church Roles?
Plurist
Absenteist
How many religious houses did Wolsey visit in 1519?
60
*visited some cathedral chapters too
How many schools did Wolsey build and where?
Built 1 School in Ipswitch which was his home town (selfish)
How many GRAMMER schools did Wolsey form and where?
1
It was in Oxford - where he studied
What did Wolsey use his powers as legate to do?
Used them for financial reward Kept stipends (bishop payments)
What did Wolsey commission in 1517?
Commissioned a major enquiry into enclosure
It didn’t achieve much
Why did Wolsey fall?
- Boleyn Faction put pressure on W to get an annulment
- Failed to negotiate an annulment with Pope Clements for Henry, even though he had the case moved to Eng
- Began to blackmail and bribe the Pope
- Henry found out and was ashamed - removed him from power (with encouragement from the Boleyn Faction) and accused him of praemunire
When was Wolsey arrested?
November 1530
