Henry VIII - History Flashcards
What was a faction?
An alliance in the king’s court.
What was the court that s created for sale of land after the dissolution of the monasteries called?
The court of augmentations.
What was the court of the star chamber?
It was a court, run by the king (or Wolsey) to administer justice.
Who was in the star chamber court?
The privy councillors
Who were the privy councillors?
They were the king’s close advisors.
What were the ordinances?
A reform of the king’s household in 1525.
What was the HRE? Both answers.
Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V)
What was the most important position in the king’s household?
Lord chancellor.
Who held the Lord chancellor position for the first half of the topic?
Thomas Wolsey.
What was the name of Martin Luther’s form of Christianity?
Lutheran/Lutheranism.
What was the idea behind of Martin Luther’s form of Christianity?
Justification by faith, meaning that people only had to follow Jesus’ teachings.
What was a Papal Bull?
A new papal policy.
What was the name of the tax to the pope?
Peter’s pence.
What was the name of the rebellion in the north in 1536?
The Lincolnshire Rising, the Pilgrimage of Grace.
What was the name of the 14th century law which made the king’s law more important than papal law?
Praemunire
What was the name of the break with Catholicism?
The Henrician Reformation
What was the supplication against the ordinaries?
A parliamentary petition against Bishops abusing their position.
What is the word for being expelled from the Catholic Church?
Excommunication.
Who led the conservative faction at court?
The Duke of Norfolk & Stephen Gardiner.
What did the conservative faction stand for?
Traditional religious practices and they were against further reforms of the church.
Who ran the court of augmentations?
Richard Riche
What is an act of attainder?
An act through parliament that declared the accused guilty without need for trial.
Evangelicals in powerful positions
Cranmer and Cromwell were two of the most powerful men in England, and Cromwell was always trying to push through Protestant reform, and was moderately successful
There was not much popular support for Protestantism
Evidence for this is the pilgrimage of grace, the Lincolnshire rising and the other factions in court such as the conservatives.
Catholicism was still popular in the north
The Lincolnshire rising occurred and so did the pilgrimage of grace, showing a large problem with Catholicism
Henry was still Catholic at his death
Henry reopened monasteries to pray for him after his death, he executed Cromwell, however he educated Edward as a Protestant.
The break with Rome caused
Papal authority to disappear and the king to become the acting head of the church in England, however, the Pope as still recognised as a religious figure.
Marriage to Anne of Cleves was
Both unsuccessful and an attempt of Protestant gains by Cromwell
Anne Boleyn protected reformers such as Cranmer and Cromwell, however…
She was executed and Protestant ideas started to decline in their success after Henry lost her clouding his judgement in her favour.
There were conservatives in court
For example, Norfolk, one of the most powerful men in England, and a close friend of Henry
The dissolution of the monasteries…
Caused a large catholic influence to fall from England, however, Henry reopened some, showing that it was as more the corruption that Henry was opposed to.
Execution of extreme Protestants as heretics such as…
John Lambert in 1538
Cromwell picked reformer bishops
This showed that even if Henry was a catholic, the priests and bishops were not, as they were the ones with the local religious power, so England was slowly being converted to Protestantism.
The fall of Anne Boleyn and Cromwell in 1536 and 1540
Showed a complete lack of trust from Henry in these two, and as they were both Protestant, it showed that the influence of Protestantism declining, and especially after Cromwell’s removal, Protestant reform all but stopped.
1521-Assertion September Sacramentorum
Showed the reintroduction of Catholic ideals in England as the seven sacraments were not a Protestant view.
Cromwell organised preaching campaigns against Catholic practices
His showed that there was Protestant influences in England so long as Cromwell was alive.
The six articles
In 1536 confirmed that England was Catholic, as it reintroduced the seven sacraments and that priests should uphold their vows again
