Henry VIII - foreign policy Flashcards
Aims
Territorial gain
Prestige
Relive Henry V’s glory
Respect
Scotland
Scotland attempted to invade - defeated at Flodden in 1513
Peace for years until Solway Moss in 1542
War again in 1544 - rough wooing
Holy League
1511
Negotiated by the Archbishop of York, run by Pope Julius II
Anti French alliance
Included England, HRE, Spain, Venice and the Pope
Treaty of Etaples
Renewed in 1510
French pension paid to England
Renewed by Henry as a way to keep the peace
Battle of the Spurs
1513
English captured French towns of Tournai and Therouanne
Expensive
Propaganda victory, show of strength
Treaty of London
1518
Organised by Pope Leo X to oppose Ottoman threat to Europe
Negotiations run by Cardinal Wolsey
Involved England, Spain, Holy Roman Empire, France and more
Meant to be peace in Europe for at least ten years
Field of the Cloth of Gold
1520
Massive celebration of peace between England and France
England successfully shows off wealth
Henry loses a wrestling match to Francis
Battle of Pavia
1525
Meant to be a joint attack on the French by England and the Holy Roman Empire
HRE marches ahead without England, captures Francis and keeps the glory
England was used and abandoned
Sack of Rome
1527
Imperial Army isn’t paid after battle
They mutiny and decide to compensate themselves by raiding Rome
The city is ravaged and the Pope is taken prisoner
Charles now dominates Europe
(England not involved but it changes the dynamic)
Battle of Solway Moss
1542
Scotland lost to England
Battle of Flodden
1513
Scotland lost to England
James IV killed in battle
Invasions of France
1512-13
1522-25
1544-1546
Only successes are Spurs and Boulogne - and Henry gave land won from Spurs back
Gascony campaign
1512
Major loss for England in France
Ferdinand of Aragon didn’t provide support he promised
Anne of Cleves marriage/ negotiations with Schmalkaldic League
1539
Big fat failure
Treaty of Greenwich
1543
Treaty between Scotland and England
Henry’s son to marry James’ daughter
Disliked by Scots
