Henry VIII and Wolsey Flashcards
Henry VIII foreign policy aims
Assert himself
Show England to be a major power
Achieve honour and glory: warrior king
Continue securing the succession and dynasty
Less concerns about trade
Subdue Scotland to ensure no attack through the “backdoor”
Thomas Cromwell
Responsible for establishing the reformation in England
Responsible for the dissolution of the monasteries
Replaced Wolsey
Master of Jewels 1532
Lord Privy Seal 1536
Lord Cromwell of Wimbledon
Thomas Wolsey
Dean of Lincoln
Royal Almoner 1509
Organised successful expedition against the French 1513
Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of York 1514
Cardinal 1515
Papal legate 1515
How successfully did Henry meet his aim of military glory
Defeated Scotland 1513
Won French battle (Battle of the Spurs) 1513
English campaign in second French wars was abandoned by Charles, meaning England lost £400,000
How successfully did Henry meet his aim of Diplomatic glory
Treaty of London 1518
Anglo-Spanish agreement 1511
France and Spain both wanted an English alliance
Field of the Cloth of Gold was expensive (£400,000) and didn’t achieve anything long term
Treaties with France went against initial aim
How successfully did Henry meet his aim of securing the dynasty
Marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Mary (sister) betrothed to Louis (however when Francis took over, this betrothal was declined)
Mary (daughter) betrothed to Charles(however this never happens but she marries Charles’ son wen she’s queen
How successfully did Henry meet his aim of maintaining trade with Netherlands
Made separate agreement with Netherlands
Did maintain trade throughout
Risked loss of agreement when he declared war on Spain
How successfully did Henry meet his aim of subduing Scotland
Defeated Scotland in Battle of Flodden 1513
Minimal threat due to James V being so young
Causes of the break from Rome
Anne Boleyn
State of the Church and reformist ideas
Desire for more power
Need to increase revenue
Henry’s own conscience
Desire for a male heir
Need for a male heir as a motive
Leviticus proclaims Mary as illegitimate
Female rule would cause unrest
Henry Fitzroy (illegitimate son) made Duke of Richmond in 1525 and sent to run Council of the North to gain experience
French heir questioned Mary’s legitimacy
Anne Boleyn as a motive
Wrote detailed love letters to her
Never made this argument public
Anne refused to be his mistress until certain she would become queen
“he cannot stay away from her an hour” - Cardinal Campeggio
God and religion as a motive
Papal Dispensation to marry Catherine
Henry was proclaimed Defender of the Faith
Leviticus argues “they shall be childless”
No evidence Catherine and Arthur had a bedding ceremony
