Henry VII's Government and Threats to his Rule

Question 1

Lovell rebellion

Answer 1

1486
Rebellion happened within a year of Henry’s coronation.
Trouble up and down the country.
Henry was unaware of the grievances for a while.
Henry’s spies found out and crushed the rebellion before a battle could occur

Question 2

Simnel rebellion

Answer 2

1486
Within a year of Henry’s corronation.
Able to rise international support.
Popular with the Nobles.
Unaware of the grievances for a while.
Resulted in a battle

Question 3

Yorkshire rebellion

Answer 3

1489
Killed the earl of Northumberland due to tax collecting.
Was crushed easily

Question 4

Warbeck rebellion

Answer 4

1491-1497
International support.
Pretender rebellion.
Lead to a battle.
Support from Roman Empire.
Crushed easily.
Only had 100 supporters.
Warbeck fled.
Uncovered by Henry’s spy network.
Minimal support within England.

Question 5

Cornish rebellion

Answer 5

1497
International support from James VI of Scotland.
15,000 supporters.
Marched successfully to London.
Henry had to assemble an army of 25,000.

Question 6

De La Pole

Answer 6

Yorkshire claimant.
Denied ‘Earl of Suffolk’ title.
Never actually led to a rebellion

Question 7

How did Henry secure his position?

Answer 7

Extravagant coronation ceremony.
Personal body guards: the Yeoman of the Guard.
Called parliament on 7th Nov.
Attempted to deal with immediate threats quickly and decisively.
Went on Royal Progress, March 1486

Question 8

What is the King’s Council

Answer 8

A membership which is a sign of trust.
It ensured noble support for measures

Question 9

What was the order of the Garter

Answer 9

A great honour which have privileges but no land or power

Question 10

What was patronage

Answer 10

The result of continuous loyalty to the King.
It was granted to those who had been loyal at Bosworth and those who has shown good service during the reign.
It was valued greatly as Henry rarely used it

Question 11

What was bonds and Recognisances

Answer 11

A written agreement: Nobles who offended the king either paid for their offence or paid money as security for the promise of good behaviour in the future.
Hugh sums of money were owed, meaning this was an effective sanction.
Overall 36/62 Noble families were subject to this policy

Question 12

Acts of Attainder

Answer 12

Acts of Parliament declaring someone guilty of treason, and the loss ot their property to the crown.
Henry used this severely and rarely reversed them.
They were used mainly at the beginning and end of his reign

Question 13

Limiting retainers

Answer 13

Making lords swear not to attain illegally and issued proclamations stating a license was needed to retain.
There were no records of illegal retaining

Question 14

Restoration of crown lands

Answer 14

When land was used to reward Nobles.

Question 15

Feudal Rights

Answer 15

All land was hend directly to the kingmaker all subjects had obligations to the king:
- Profit from arranged marriage
- Estates of minors were under Royal control
- payment to the king whenever land was inherited
- payment to recover land from wardship

Question 16

Central Government

Answer 16

The king
The Royal household
The privy chamber
The groom of the stool
Justices of the peace
Parliament
The privy Council
The court

Question 17

Central Government Change

Answer 17

Inner group for efficiency
Established smaller committees for specific tasks (court of requests)
Important members came from gentree
Didn’t rely of families, insteqd had experts in situations
Council learned in the law collected bonds and recognisances, were resented

Question 18

Reginal government change

Answer 18

Established reginal councils which were the peripheral regions
Appointed earl of Surrey, but made sure only Henry could appoint members of the council
Established control throughout Wales
Ireland couldn’t call parliament nor pass laws without consulting Henry first
Council of the North had administrative and judicial power so that the law could be enforced quickly

Question 19

Local government changes

Answer 19

Ensure laws would be enforced but had minimal people
Paid officials to enforce these laws and relied on nobility and genteel ro law-bide
Developed justices if the peace
Loyalty was more assured and weakened the power of the greater Nobles
Henry was dependant on officials still, but it made them unpopular so they were reluctant

Question 20

Successful restoration of Royal finances

Answer 20

Maximised income from land - 5X as much
Land could be taken from traitors
Income rose from £29,000 in 1485, to £42,000 by 1509
Fines > prison sentences
Income rose from £350 p.a to £6,000 p.a
Benevolence used
Church made contributions
Annual income of £5,000 in French pension

Question 21

Unsuccessful restoration of Royal finances

Answer 21

Issues with smuggling
Income from trade wasn’t in Henry’s control
Income dropped from £70,000 to £40,000 under Edward IV
No consistent profits
Tax sums calculated with out of date assessment and data
Rarely used loans

Question 22

Henry VII as a secure king

Answer 22

“Diplomacy and security measures ensured the Tudors would survive” - John Guy
“Financial policies gave the crown strength” - S.B Chrimes
“Never seriously challenged” - Nicholas Fellows
Marriage with Elizabeth of York united the families.
Act of Attainder against Richard III and dating reign a day prior
Went on Royal Progress
Strong spy network and army, defeating all rebellions.
Reduced nobility power, meaning less threat
The Great Council included Henry’s renemies

Question 23

Henry VII as an insecure king

Answer 23

“henry was right to see the dynasty as insecure, with only one surviving son” - Christine Carpenter
“Constantly facing rebellion, no loyalty from subjects” - Caroline Rogers
When he took the throne, there were 3 others who had much stronger claims
Significant number of rebellions during reign (Many within a year)
International support to some of the rebellions
Wasn’t widely liked, especially by nobility
No control over trade income
Justices of the peace weren’t loyal
Usurper; wasn’t liked, even from the beginning