Henry VIII and Wolsey Flashcards
When did Henry VII die?
1509
What early action did Henry take that won him popularity?
executed Dudley and Empson who were responsible for economic unrest
Married Catherine of Aragon improving relations with Spain
Why was war an interest of Henry?
It was seen as chivalrous and a “Kingly” activity as well as a need to take the French crown
When and where were Henry’s early war campaigns?
France in 1512 and 1513
Outline the features of the 1513 invasion of France
Henry took the internationally known city of Tournai and defeated France in the Battle of the Spurs
What were two successes of Henrys early war campaigns?
Glory and foreign recognition
Henry’s sister Mary married Louis XII
How did Wolsey rise to power?
Supported Henry’s war policy by organising supplies for the 1513 campaign
When did Wolsey officially rise to power?
1515 after becoming Lord Chancellor and a Cardinal
What were the main features of Henry’s foreign policy?
Military glory
Claim the French throne
Secure dynasty
When was the treaty of London?
1518
What were the features of the treaty of London?
International peace treaty of major powers with England at the centre. It was short lived when Charles I became HRE in 1519
When was the Field of Cloth of Gold?
1520
What happened at the Field of Cloth of Gold?
Peace talks with Francis near Calais however nothing was achieved and Henry wasted a years income
When did Henry send an army to France in order to aid Charles I?
1523
What happened during Henry’s invasion of France in 1523?
Charles abandoned Henry as he became more interested with Italy. England returned having wasted £400,000
What did Henry intend to do following Charles’s capture of Francis in 1525?
Assert his claim to the French throne as an ally to Charles
Why was Henry unable to gain the French throne following Charles’s capture of Francis?
Wolsey was unable to raise funds meaning they couldn’t raise a force to join Charles
What did failure to gain Charles’ support drive Henry to do?
Ally with France through the treaty of More in 1525
How was Henry let down by France in 1528?
Henry declared war against Spain however France made peace with them and England was invited to peace talks last minuet
Why did Charles make Henrys marriage difficult?
Catherine was Charles aunt and he had lots of power meaning defying him was risky
How did Wolsey make legal reforms?
Court of star chamber and the Court of Chancery
What was the Court of Star Chamber?
Used to attack powerful people such as nobles
What was the Court of Chancery?
Used to deal with cases concerning the poor
What tax allowed for Wolsey to gain more money?
The subsidy which was based on accurate assessment of wealth
How much was Wolsey able to raise for Henrys 1523 invasion compared to what he expected?
Hoped to raise £800,000 but only managed to raise £300,000
How did Wolsey attempt to raise money which caused unrest?
Through the Amicable Grant 1525
Why did the Amicable Grant fail?
Unrest in East Anglia caused Henry to remove the grant and forced Wolsey to apologise
How can Wolsey be viewed as a champion of the poor?
Fought against enclosures
How many land owners did Wolsey take legal action against during his time in power?
264
How did Wolsey increase his influence on Henry after the failure of the Amicable Grant?
passed the Eltham Ordinances in 1526 which gave him more control over the kings chamber
What was the highest position in the English Church (held by Wolsey)
Legatus a Latere
How did Wolsey go against his religious powers?
fathered children despite taking a vow of celibacy
How did the church gain support between 1520 and 1529?
57% of people from Devon and Cornwall left money in their wills for religious purposes
What were some concerns about the church?
People were concerned that the clergy were being greedy
How were clergy attacked in 1511?
Dean of St’ Pauls attacked greedy clergy while preaching
How was Wolsey undermining his religious power?
He didn’t visit York until 1520
What were the three main reasons for Henry wanting a divorce?
Belief it was against god’s will
Male heir to the throne
Henry was in love with Anne Boleyn
What was Wolsey’s fatal mistake surrounding the divorce?
He promised the divorce would be easy (by convincing the pope that the papal dispensation of Arthur and Catherine was invalid)
How did Charles I make the divorce difficult?
Charles took Rome in 1527 and held the pope as a virtual prisoner
Why would Charles stop Henry from divorcing Catherine?
Catherine was Charles’ Aunt and so he had influence in England which he was unwilling to give up
Why couldn’t the pope agree that the marriage was invalid?
Popes can not be wrong in the eyes of god
How did the pope retaliate to Wolsey holding the divorce case in England?
The pope would send Cardinal Campeggio who was unwilling to allow the divorce
How did the Boleyn faction harm Wolsey?
They convinced Henry that Wolsey was against him and was being deliberately slow with the divorce
When did Henry finally decide that Wolsey had failed him?
1529
What was the charge given to Wolsey following his failure to get the divorce?
Praemunire (loyalty to a foreign power)
What does Wolsey’s charge of praemunire suggest?
The Boleyn faction was the greatest influence over Henry as Henry was convinced Wolsey was deliberately going against him
When did Wolsey die?
1530 (on his way to being executed)
