Henry VIII Flashcards
When did Henry VII die?
April 21, 1509
When was Henry VIII’s coronation?
June 24, 1509.
What was the Holy League?
A Catholic alliance funded by Pope Julius II to protect Italy and the Vatican State from French domination.
Which countries joined the Holy League by Spring 1512?
Spain, Venice, the HRE, England, and the Swiss.
What was the First French War?
England joined the Holy League against France to gain land and aimed for the French throne.
What was the Cadiz Affair?
English troops were sent to Ferdinand of Spain to attack France, but little success was achieved.
What was the Navarre Affair?
Ferdinand II of Spain used Henry’s troops as a smokescreen to invade Navarre, proving he was an unreliable ally.
What happened in May 1512?
The French were driven out of Milan by the Holy League.
When was the battle of the spurs?
August 16, 1513. Henry led an army of 30,000 men to Calais, capturing Tournai and Therouanne.
What was the Tudor Subsidy?
A flexible taxation system introduced by Wolsey, raising £170k compared to £90k with the old system.
When was the Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye
1514, giving England possession of Tournai and securing Mary’s marriage to Louis XII.
What significant appointment did Wolsey receive in 1515?
Wolsey was made Cardinal by Pope Leo X and appointed as Lord Chancellor by Henry VIII.
What was the purpose of the Court of the Star Chamber?
To increase cheap and fair justice and root out corruption among the nobility.
What was the Act of Resumption?
It returned some land to the crown due to decreased income.
When was Mary born?
February 18, 1516
What and when was the Peace of Cambrai?
A treaty signed in 1517 that excluded England.
What was the Treaty of London in 1518?
A non-aggression pact conducted by Wolsey with Catholic European countries.
What and when was the Field of Cloth of Gold?
A grand festival in June 1520 where Henry met Francis I of France to improve relations.
What was the Treaty of Bruges in 1521?
A treaty with Emperor Charles V against France, establishing a date for war.
What happened in 1522 regarding England and France?
England was at war with France, with costly campaigns achieving little.
What was the Amicable Grant 1525?
An attempt to raise money for war that failed and led to widespread resistance.
What significant event occurred in 1529?
The failure of the legantine court led to Wolsey’s fall from power.
What was the Act of Supremacy?
It gave Henry the power to supervise and reform all religious establishments in England. (1534)
What was the significance of the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries?
It closed all religious houses with lands valued under £200 per year. (1536)
What was the Pilgrimage of Grace?
A rebellion led by Robert Aske in 1536, protesting religious changes and high taxes.
What was the Bishops’ Book?
The Institution of a Christian Man published in July 1537, indicating a drift towards Protestantism.
When and what was the Truce of Nice?
Signed in July 1538, it temporarily halted the Hapsburg-Valois War.
What did the Royal Injunctions of September 1538 mandate?
The English Bible was to be placed in all parishes, and relics were to be removed from churches.
What was the impact of the Habsburg-Valois War on England?
It created the real possibility of a joint invasion of England by Catholic powers, prompting Henry to move back to Catholicism in the Act of Six Articles.
What were the Royal Injunctions issued by Cromwell in August 1536 ?
The English Bible was to be placed in all parishes within two years, all births, marriages, and deaths were to be registered, people were to be discouraged from pilgrimages, and relics were to be removed from churches.
What was the significance of John Lambert’s trial and execution in November?
It symbolized Henry’s commitment to the Catholic belief in transubstantiation.
When was Henry excommunicated by Pope Paul III?
December 1538
When was the Great Bible published?
April 1539
What did the Act of Six Articles in June 1539 confirm?
It confirmed transubstantiation, private Masses, and confession by priests, while banning the marriage of priests and communion in both kinds by lay people.
When was the Court of Augmentations established and what did it do?
January 1540, established to handle the property and income from dissolved monasteries.
What happened to Thomas Cromwell in June 1540?
He was arrested due to poor management of Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves.
What was the outcome of Thomas Cromwell’s execution in July 1540?
He died (Henry’s marriage to Anne of Cleves was annulled, and he married Catherine Howard.)
What significant event occurred in February 1542?
Catherine Howard was executed.
When was the Battle of Solway Moss and what happened?
November 1542, there was a decisive English victory over the Scots at Solway Moss.
What alliance was formed in February 1543?
An Anglo-Imperial alliance against France.
What did the Act for the Advancement of True Religion restrict in May 1543?
It restricted access to the English Bible to upper-class men and noblewomen in private.
What was the content of ‘The Necessary Doctrine and Erudition of a Christian Man’?
It defended transubstantiation and the Six Articles, encouraged preaching, and attacked the use of images.
What happened in July 1543?
Henry married Catherine Parr.
What was the result of the Treaty of Greenwich in December 1543?
It was rejected by Scotland.
What did the Act of Succession in 1544 establish?
Mary was made heir to Edward in the event of no children, and Elizabeth heir to Mary.
What was introduced into churches in May 1544?
The English litany replaced the Catholic use of Latin litany.
When was Boulogne captured?
September 1544
What occurred in December 1545?
The Chantries Act was passed but not enforced.
What was the significance of Anne Askew’s execution in July 1546?
It was evidence of Henry’s continued commitment to parts of Catholicism.
When did Henry VIII die?
January 1547
When was Edward VI coronated?
February 20, 1547.
What did Henry succeed in his aims to assert royal authority over the church?
Act of Supremacy 1534
First and Second Acts of Annates
Valor Ecclesiasticus 1535
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Court of Augmentations
How did Henry succeed in his aims to secure Tudor succession?
Annulment of marriage to Catherine of Aragon and subsequent marriages led by a desire for a male heir
1537 Edward is born
Acts of Succession (1543/36/44)
How did he succeed in his political and military aims?
Treaty of Amiens 1527
Anglo-Imperial Alliance 1543
Capture of Boulogne 1544
Truce of Nice 1538 - Potential Catholic invasion imminent
Naval Expansion - Mary Rose sank in battle of Solent 1545
Solway Moss 1542
How did he succeed in his aims over internal governance?
Frequent use of parliament
Use of Legislation
Act of Treason 1534
Act of Union 1536
Execution of Ministers who failed (Wolsey, More, Cromwell)
