Henry VIII Flashcards
How did enclosure develop?
More land became enclosed - the poor suffered as a result
Wolsey’s 1517 commission to investigate the effects of enclosure
How many people were tried for enclosure as a result of Wolsey’s 1517 commission?
Proceedings against 1888 defendants for enclosing illegally
When was a law passed to limit sheep ownership?
1534 law to limit sheep ownership
What were the major export routes?
Antwerp remained the leading export route
More cloth was routed through London via English merchants which had a damaging impact on other ports e.g Bristol and Hull
Did the volume of English trade increase of decrease?
Volume of English trade increased
How much did cloth exports rise?
Woollen cloth exports almost doubled
How did the mining industry develop?
There was some growth in the mining industry
Cornish tin remained a prize export
How did Henry VIII view exploration?
He wasn’t interested
What may be argued a failure of Henry VIII with relation to trade?
Henry made no effort to build on the exploration successes of Cabot and other Bristol merchants
When was the coinage debased and with what effects?
1526 by Wolsey
Caused rapid price inflation
When were the series’s of bad harvests?
1520-21
1527-29
Increase in food prices
By how much did food prices increase?
Food prices almost doubled
What happened to real wages?
They began to decline
How were rural labourers effected?
More enclosure and sheep farming meant less rural labourers were needed.
This group grew substantially anyway due to population increase beginning from 1525
How were the nobility affected by inflation?
Meant they had to lease their lands - lowered their social prestige
Who benefited from the sale of monastic lands?
The gentry class - a new wealth that emerged in England and whom grew largely in influence
How many gentry families were in England?
John Guy estimates that there were 5000 gentry families by 1540
Did the number of nobles increase?
There were only 9 more nobles by the end of Henry ViII’s reign
Was there social mobility?
There was growth of professional and commercial bourgeoisie which led to social mobility
Skilled craftsmen and nobles benefited
When was the act of union with wales?
1536
When was the jurisdiction in liberties act?
1535
How was the council of the north reformed?
A permanent council formed in York with professional staff - increased control in order to tame the north who were largely involved with the pilgrimage of Grace
Showed it’s worth when the north was kept quiet during the rebellions of the Summer of 1549
