Henry VIII

Question 1

How did enclosure develop?

Answer 1

More land became enclosed - the poor suffered as a result

Wolsey’s 1517 commission to investigate the effects of enclosure

Question 2

How many people were tried for enclosure as a result of Wolsey’s 1517 commission?

Answer 2

Proceedings against 1888 defendants for enclosing illegally

Question 3

When was a law passed to limit sheep ownership?

Answer 3

1534 law to limit sheep ownership

Question 4

What were the major export routes?

Answer 4

Antwerp remained the leading export route

More cloth was routed through London via English merchants which had a damaging impact on other ports e.g Bristol and Hull

Question 5

Did the volume of English trade increase of decrease?

Answer 5

Volume of English trade increased

Question 6

How much did cloth exports rise?

Answer 6

Woollen cloth exports almost doubled

Question 7

How did the mining industry develop?

Answer 7

There was some growth in the mining industry

Cornish tin remained a prize export

Question 8

How did Henry VIII view exploration?

Answer 8

He wasn’t interested

Question 9

What may be argued a failure of Henry VIII with relation to trade?

Answer 9

Henry made no effort to build on the exploration successes of Cabot and other Bristol merchants

Question 10

When was the coinage debased and with what effects?

Answer 10

1526 by Wolsey

Caused rapid price inflation

Question 11

When were the series’s of bad harvests?

Answer 11

1520-21

1527-29

Increase in food prices

Question 12

By how much did food prices increase?

Answer 12

Food prices almost doubled

Question 13

What happened to real wages?

Answer 13

They began to decline

Question 14

How were rural labourers effected?

Answer 14

More enclosure and sheep farming meant less rural labourers were needed.

This group grew substantially anyway due to population increase beginning from 1525

Question 15

How were the nobility affected by inflation?

Answer 15

Meant they had to lease their lands - lowered their social prestige

Question 16

Who benefited from the sale of monastic lands?

Answer 16

The gentry class - a new wealth that emerged in England and whom grew largely in influence

Question 17

How many gentry families were in England?

Answer 17

John Guy estimates that there were 5000 gentry families by 1540

Question 18

Did the number of nobles increase?

Answer 18

There were only 9 more nobles by the end of Henry ViII’s reign

Question 19

Was there social mobility?

Answer 19

There was growth of professional and commercial bourgeoisie which led to social mobility

Skilled craftsmen and nobles benefited

Question 20

When was the act of union with wales?

Answer 20

1536

Question 21

When was the jurisdiction in liberties act?

Answer 21

1535

Question 22

How was the council of the north reformed?

Answer 22

A permanent council formed in York with professional staff - increased control in order to tame the north who were largely involved with the pilgrimage of Grace

Showed it’s worth when the north was kept quiet during the rebellions of the Summer of 1549