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Tudors > Henry VIII > Flashcards

Henry VIII Flashcards

1
Q

When did H8 succeed to the throne

A

April 1509 two months before his 18th birthday.

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2
Q

When were empson and Dudley imprisoned

A

On the first day of H8 reign

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3
Q

When was council learned in law abolished

A

In jan 1510 by an act of parliament and it meant that many bonds and recognisances the council Imposed were cancelled and the executions of empson and Dudley = popular move

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4
Q

When did Henry marry CofA

A

11th June 1509

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5
Q

When did H8 summon parl before 1529

A

1510, 1512, 1513, 1515 and 1523

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6
Q

When did Wolsey call parliament

A

1523

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7
Q

Changes in govn 1509 - 1514

A

Govn by council = conciliar govn had broken down by 1514 due to disagreemnets between Henry and councillors over war with FR or H8 preference to surround himself with younger courtiers

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8
Q

Changes in govn 1514-29

A

Wolsey = chief minister. From 1514 H8 relied on wol to manage govn effectively. Wols influence was derived more from his close relationship to king than formal positions

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9
Q

Changes in govn 1529 -32

A

Councillor govn restored = wols downfall bought a return to councillar govn

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10
Q

Changes in govn 1532-40

A

Cromwell = chief minister - he rose to power as chief minister by 1532 and dominated royal govn for the rest of the 1530s

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11
Q

Changes in govn 1540-47

A

Councillar govn restored in a new form - following cromwells fall a new PC emerged with fixed membership and recorded proceedings. In the PC power lay with the conservatives

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12
Q

Parl Jan - Feb 1510

A

Abolished council learned in law and gave him tonnage and poundage

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13
Q

Parl Feb 1512 - march 1514

A

Provided extraordinary revenue for invasion of fr (subsidy 1513) and Scot, anticlerical act restricting benefit of the clergy

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14
Q

Parl Feb 1515 - dec 1515

A

Act restricting benefit of clergy not renewed despite the apparently anticlerical atmosphere of HOC.

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15
Q

Parl April 1523 - aug 1523

A

Provided extraordinary revenue for invasion of fr. speaker of HOC Thomas more made first known plea for freedom of speech for MPs. Despite Parls ill-temper the level of anticlericalism seemed much reduced

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16
Q

Parl nov 1529 - April 1536

A

Reformation parl

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17
Q

Parl jun 1536 - July 1536

A

Called to enact a new succession act following fall of AB

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18
Q

Parl April 1539 - July 1540

A

Extraordinary revenue with invasion threaten produced divergent religious legislation eg dissolution of greater monasteries and 6 articles act

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19
Q

Parl Jan 1542 - mar 1544

A

Provided extraordinary revenue for invasions of fr and Scot. Dealt with one more issue of succession

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20
Q

Parl Nov 1545 - Jan 1547

A

Provided extraordinary revenue

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21
Q

1515 parl - Richard hunne

A

Anticlerical parl due to murder of Hunne - a merchant who refused to pay mortuary payments for his dead child and said parl had no right to collect this tax imposed by Rome - broke praemunaire
This could challenge whole power base of church as all rules come from Rome so church stopped Hunne before he took case to court
Accused of Hersey by church, made up a charge and put in priosn and then found murdered in cell.

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22
Q

Wolsey

A

1514 - archbishop of York
1515 - cardinal and lord chancellor (until 1529)
1518 - papal legate

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23
Q

Star chamber

A

1516 - the use of the star chamber was extended
Cases - E of Northumberland and sir Robert Sheffield were imprinted 1516 and 17

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24
Q

Court of requests

A

Opened in 1519 as star chamber became too overloaded as it was successful. Court of requests was free and used by poor a lot eg nobs and enclosure

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25
Q

Wolsey schemes that didn’t happen

A

1526 legal commissioners to every county

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26
Q

Enclosure

A

1517 Wolsey launched an enquiry into enclosure and concluded that is was a social evil and harmful to community creating unemployment but wol failed to see enclosure as a symptom of longer term economic change that was producing inflation. Enclosure seemed to be the greed of landowners so wol attacked them. 264 cases against enclose and 222 came to court as a result of legal proceedings.
Made wol unpopular with land owners and nobs
Had to drop it in 1523 parl

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27
Q

Wol other social reform

A

1518 - fixed poultry prices and price of other meats
1527 - bad harvest so got JPs to buy up surplus and hoard it in case of famine
These measures helped to stop social unrest
Sometimes failed to follow up on some initiatives - 1520 woolsey referred back to the local authorities in the case of some Buckinghamshire grain speculators as he didn’t have the time

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28
Q

Fall of Duke of Buckingham

A

1519 = buck wanted to be constable of eng - k refused
One of bucks servants wore his livery in k household = challenge so brought in front of SC
Wol found evidence of trappings of monarchy, badges, flags etc with coat or arms of ed confessor = saying Henry not rightful king
Buck took an armed force with him to collect his rents from tenants as said he was having difficulty getting the money as they weren’t paying. Wolsey said it was an excuse for illegal retaining.
Servant gave evidence buck prophesied Henry’s death = treason, so accused of treason. Court that condemned him was presided over by D of Norfolk not wol. So fall of buck due to Henry
1521 - buck executed

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29
Q

Eltham ordinances

A

1526 - reform of royal household to cut back on finances - reduced number of gentleman of privacy chamber from 12 to 6
Made Henry Norris groom of stool and removed William Compton as enemy of wol

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30
Q

Wolsey and the minions

A

1518 Wolsey was worried about the influence of young nobles on the king so he infiltrated man Richard pace into minions to report back
1519 planned for royal court on the grounds to reduce costs - minions jobs away from the centre of power so still had role in government and replace them with own supporters.
Henry the eighth missed them so may returned 1520 and given title of gentleman of privy chamber
Tried to reduce power again and sent them abroad to lead the armies in 1522 and 23 = 3 pronged attack
But again came back

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31
Q

1513 subsidy

A

Developed to provide the parliamentary taxation and extraordinary revenue. It replaced the old system of 15ths and 10ths tax made in 1300s based on property and had been fixed so did not increase with inflation so overtime yield became less
Instead of using local commissars to assess taxpayers wealth, wol set up a national committee that he headed himself
The subsidy was more realistic as was based on accurate valuation of taxpayers wealth, their property and their ability to pay . The amount paid was one shilling for every pound.
Collected 4 times between 1513 - 23 made £300k
1513 -16 made £170K compared to £90k with 15ths and 10ths
Resented by propertied classes as they had to pay the most

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32
Q

1522 wol benevolence

A

It was a force loan = benevolence of £250k from the nobles to pay for war in 1522 against France - opposition but paid. Went to war a year early.

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33
Q

How did wol increase revenue from crown land

A

1515 Act of resumption - took back former crown lands given out during the war of the roses and Henry the seventh. Never achieved level of H7 - £5000-£10000
Revoked some grant of land to nobs
Royal income inadequate for war so Wolsey did some debasements

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34
Q

1523 subsidy

A

All spent so went to parl again to ask for money for 3 pronged attack. Asked for £800k / 4 shillings in £1 parl refused
So kept them sittting over summer in sweating sickness so agreed to pay half in installments = £400k/ 2 shillings in £1 and drop anti-enclosure policy
Wols last and only parl
Reform was resented by propertied classes and led to amicable grant 1525

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35
Q

Amicable grant

A

1525 - H8 wanted to invade Fr after B of Pavia 1525 - needed £
Parl haven’t finished paying last lost
Decided to raise a tax. Parl wouldn’t agree to it so wol decided to bypass parl and collect directly from laity and clergy - causes rebellion in E Anglia and refused to pay
Wol backtracked and may it a benevolence from those that could pay
Result = rebellion in E Anglia and refusal to pay elsewhere and rebels won
Wol had to take blame even though king had caused the discontent by planning an expensive war
Amicable grant abandoned and leaders of rebellion pardoned

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36
Q

When did Henry want a divorce

A

1521 worried about lack of male heir so allied with CV and wanted daughter Mary to marry CV
1527 - CofA 5yrs older than king and past childbearing age
1525 - fell in love with AB - Duke of norfolks niece
1528 - AB gave H8 tyndales book ‘obedience of the Christian man’ and H8 ‘book for me and all kings to read’ says king should be head of church so laid seed for royal sup

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37
Q

Leviticus

A

1525 Henry asked wol to secure a papal dispensation using Leviticus to preside pope clement VII that Julius II dispensation was invalid as in bible it says you shouldn’t marry your brothers wife so in gods eyes marriage was invalid and free to marry Anne

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38
Q

Kings great matter 1527

A

Wol as popes representative opened a special court to ‘try’ Henry for living in sin with his supposed wife which Henry readily accepted. CofA appealed to pope clement VII for help but reluctant to help as Catherine’s nephew CV was a threat and friendly against marriage and sacked Rome in 1527 and took pope as prisoner

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39
Q

Blackfriars

A

March 1529 - July 1529
Court to hear case for a divorce with representations from Henrys lawyers. Campeggio ill arrived late - dec 1528 and under secret orders from pope to delay and get CofA into nunnery - she refused
Hearing opened 15th June and camp adjourned in July to Rome without agreeing to annulment

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40
Q

Downfall of wol

A

Bill of particulars against him
Oct 1529 - dismissed as LC and accused of praemunaire. Had to surrender all property to H8 and in exile to house in York - kept title of ArchB of York
April 1530 - went to York
Nov 4 1530 - arrested
Nov 29th 1530 - died on the way to London at Leicester cathedral

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41
Q

Cromwell

A

Served in wols household until 1529 and his administrative efficiency gained the attentions of the king
1530 - member of PC
1532 - worked his way to inner council and became Henry’s willing servant on the issue of divorce
1533 -40 - Henry’s chief minister
Vicegerent in spirituals
Got BWR and divorce
Did dissolution of mons 1535 -39
Managed ref parl on H8 behalf 1529 -36

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42
Q

Ref parl

A

1529-36
Opened after fall of wol Nov 1529 to solve Henrys great matter
Cromwell reorganised H8s campaign in parl - got BWR
V anticlerical and anti wol - get rid of benefit of clergy and pass bill of particulars against wol - traitor
Wol dies Nov 1530
Ref parl makes H8 most powerful English monarch ever

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43
Q

Collectanea satis copiosa

A

1530 - Henry’s aim is casero papism (control of church and state). Instructs Cranmer, Edward foxe (theologians) and lawyer chisrtopher st German to find historical, legal and theological evidence for this.
Came up with a collection of documents from bible, church history and legal history and put it together in a book called collectanae satis copiosa 1530. These documents justified the idea of royal sup

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44
Q

Praemunaire against clergy

A

1531 to pressurise people so accused all clergy of praemunaire so they would agree to him being head of church
Would drop charges if paid fine of £100K and acknowledged Henry as head of eng church
Gave Henry title of ‘singular protector only and supreme lord and as far as the law of Christ allows even supreme head’ - church can say Christ doesn’t allow it so he is not supreme head
Henry did this for both convocation of York and Canterbury. If pardoned meant withdrawal of charge of praemunaire confirmed by act of parl Feb 1531

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45
Q

1532 acts to pressurise pope into giving divorce

A

1532 - conditional act in restraint of Annates - witheld payment of annate (1st yrs bishops income and 1/3 of annual income) - act conditional as would not be enforced if got divorce
1532 - supplication against the ordinaries - parl accused bishops of over-stating their power (corrupt should not have own laws and courts or b of clergy, H8 demanded convocation ( church parl) respond but rejected them and recalled ancient church right to it own independent canon law. H8 declared they had to agree as he had a right to govn the church under his accepted title. May 1532 - convocation agreed to submission
1532 - submission of clergy - all ecclesiastical laws were now subject to Ks approval. No new laws could be passed without royal lisecene, existing laws to be investigated by a royal committee. H8 has control of cannon law - wants control as divorce is cannon law. More resigned as lord chancellor as a result

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46
Q

Divorce

A

1533 - AB pregnant so jan 1533 H8 and AB married in secret by Cranmer - ArchB of C march 1533
March 1533 - church convocation met and agreed marriage with C of A is unlawful
May 1533 - said marriage with AB legal
June 1st 1533 - AB crowned Q of Eng
7th Sept 1533 - eliz born = does not solve issue of succession

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47
Q

Act in restraint of appeals April 1533

A

No appeals could be made to Rome against decisions of church courts in England meant Catherine could not appeal to Rome against her marriage annulment

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48
Q

April 1534 - act of succession

A

Annulled Henrys marriage to Catherine and vested the succession in Anne’s children and to deny Henry’s new marriage was declared treason. Princess Mary illegitimate hopes for male heir rested with Anne.

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49
Q

Nov 1534 - act of supremacy

A

King declared supreme head of the Church of England. Popes authority no longer recognised in England - BWR

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50
Q

1534 act of treason

A

Treason to threaten Henry or Anne in words, writing or deed. Treason to deny Henry as rightful king or call him usurper, heretic or tyrant. Sanctuary abolished. Used against opponents of royal supremacy and brought down Thomas more a courtier, scholar and lord chancellor 1530 -32 - executed 1535

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51
Q

Nov 1534 act in restraint of annates

A

Allows annates to be transferred from pope to king. Strengthens kings position and special court was set up to administer this

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52
Q

1534 act of dispensations

A

Ended payments of peters pence to Rome which the laity paid and instead went to crown. Dispensations now granted in eng by ArchB of Canterbury

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53
Q

1534 act for the submission of the clergy

A

Made submission of 1532 legal, the HVIII had legal control of church

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54
Q

Nov 1534 act of fruit fruits and tenths

A

Stopped payments of 1st years of preists income and the tithe (1/10 of priest income) each going pope now to king = £40,000 aimed at priests

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55
Q

1536 act extinguishing the authority of the bishop of Rome

A

Removed all papal authority in England and confirmed all the acts. Anyone defending the pope could lose their property

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56
Q

1536 and 1541 first and second suppression acts

A

Dissolved the monasteries - confiscation of church land to crown vastly increased wealth and power of crown

57
Q

When did C of A die

A

Jan 1536

58
Q

When was AB executed

A

May 1536

59
Q

When was Edward born and JS die

A

1537

60
Q

When was Cromwell executed

A

July 1540

61
Q

When did Cromwell create the PC

A

1536

62
Q

How many pages of law in H8 reign

A

1032
1092 - Magna Carta - H7

63
Q

Development of freedom of speech

A

1532 - more requested it in 1558 it was seen as a right

64
Q

Created of financial courts

A

Court of augmentations 1536
Court of first fruit an tenths 1540
Court of wards 1540
Court of general surveyors 1540
Court of duchy of Lancaster

65
Q

When were the great debasements

A

1540s

66
Q

When did get a loan from Antwerp

A

1547 of £100k and H8 spent all money on FP

67
Q

Acts of union with wales

A

1st 1536
2nd 1543

68
Q

When was council of north created

A

1537 after PoG

69
Q

When was council of west created

A

1539 but was dissolved 1540 due to improved FP
As dissolved western rebellion got out of hand 1549

70
Q

End of sanctuaries

A

1540 act of parl

71
Q

Act against franchises and liberties

A

1536 - to limit nobs power in these areas and limit areas rights eg B of durham, Neville’s, Percy’s and dacres

72
Q

When was Catherine Howard executed

A

Feb 1542

73
Q

When did Henry die

A

Jan 28th 1547

74
Q

When was Edmund de la pole executed

A

1513

75
Q

When did Richard de la pole die

A

1525 in battle in Pavia

76
Q

Wakefield plot

A

1541 -gentry and clergy plan to muder archbishop of York - president of C of N and take pontefract castle - failed. After this no problems in n of eng until eliz

77
Q

When was Henry Courtney excecuted

A

1539

78
Q

When was the Exeter conspiracy

A

1538

79
Q

When were the factional struggles

A

1540 -47

80
Q

When did power lay with the reformers

A

Until 1540

81
Q

When did power lay with the cons temporarily

A

1540 -
Revived conciliar govn - different as PC had fixed membership supported by a secretary

82
Q

Wrisothesley

A

Joint principal secretary 1540
Lord chancellor 1544

83
Q

When was factional struggle over Catherine Howard and parr

A

1542
Reformers won
Norfolk was politically wounded

84
Q

1544 factional struggles

A

Cranmer accused of Hersey by conservatives as revenge for fall of Norfolk and Catherine Howard
Was warned by Henry investigated himself and found not a heretic
Henry played cons faction
Refs won
Gardener and suppoters Severly reprimanded

Gardiner accused of sympathesing with nephew who was executed for denying royal sup - accused by Cranmer, Suffolk and Hertford want him in tower
Gardiner warned and begs Henry for mercy and he pardons him
Gardener wins by reformers in stronger position

85
Q

Rulers in Europe in H8 reign

A

France - Louis XII dies 1515, Francis I 1515-47
Scotland - James IV dies 1513, James V 1513 - 42
Spain - Ferdinand of Aragon dies 1516, Charles 1516-55
HRE - max dies 1519, Charles V 1519 - 55/6
Burgundy - duchy passed to Hasburgs 1477, commercially important areas of Netherlands and Belgium, CV is also D of Burgundy

86
Q

FP 1509 - 1514

A

1510 - renews treaty of etaples with fr
1511 - holy league of eng, sp, HRE and papacy against fr as pope needed to defend Papal States from fr invasion
1512 - joint Anglo-sp attack. Henry sent 10,000 soldiers to SW fr by Ferdinand of sp failed to support eng who suffered defeat at Gascony - eng troops, drunk , dysentery and die
1513 - Henry himself led a force of 30,000 to NE France (Calais) he won the ‘Battle of the Spurs’ and captured therouanne and tournai. Gives H8 military glory but not great battle as against a french observation force of 100 men. Henry went to fight by they ran away and Henry claims he won. Max agreed to help but wanted burgundy so uses Henry - therouanne and tournai are in old kingdom of burgundy so benefits max. They destroyed then rebuilt it = financial drain
1513 - JIV of Scot allied to FR invaded eng. he was defeated and killed at the battle of flodden field along with many Scot nobs. Left Scot throne in hand of infant James V with H8s sister Q Margaret as regent
A possible further campaign in 1514 was abandoned when Ferdinand and max made peace with fr
1514 - Henry signs Anglo-French treaty of st Germain en laye- keep tournai (until 1519), got pension to stay away. Mary H8s younger sister married Louis XII of fr

87
Q

FP 1514 - 26

A

FP = inconsistent
King Louis XII died 1515 so Ferdinand king a personal and political rival to H8
Death of Ferdinand of sp 1516 disrupted balance of power as CV = k of sp and HRE 1519

1515 - Francis I defeated the Swiss at margano so gained control of most of N IT
1516 - T of Noyon between fr and sp
1517 - eng left out of league of cambrai = CV, Max and FR. eng is isolated - Scarisbrik ‘laughing stock of Europe’
1518 - T of London - was a personal achievement of wol = arbiter. A non-aggression pact between Eng, Fr, Sp, HRE and Papacy - ruined when CV = HRE
1520 - field of cloth of gold reinforced positive relations between H8 and Francis
1521 - T of Bruges between eng and CV - negotiated by wol concerning for fr as encircled
1522 - eng armies invade N Fr but gained little, parl was reluctant to grant extraordinary revenue to support the campaign
1523 - 3 pronged attack - eng, CV and D of bourbon. Attack from 3 sides, Henry gets within 50 miles of Paris other two fail. Achieves nothing
1525 - CV wins B of Pavia against FR and captured Francis I. CV refused to do a joint invasion of N FR with H8
Henry wants to invade FR and needs money so wol puts forward ‘amicable grant’ met with refusal to pay and rebellion in east anglia and Suffolk - invasion doesn’t happen
H8 changed tactics and supported league of cognac with FR and pope to counterbalance CV power in N Italy
1526 - T of Madrid - CV made Francis I sign a humiliating treaty, Francis I gets back to France and doesn’t honour it

88
Q

FP 1527 - 40

A

1527 - treaty of Amiens - Henry allied with fr against CV
1527 - sack of Rome - pope is CV prisoner so under CV control - makes it complicated for H8 to get divorce
1529 - peace of cambrai - peace in Europe. Eng not involved isolated
1532 - Henry formed a further alliance with fr in an attempt to pressurise CV into supporting Henry’s marriage annulment - the tactic failed
1536 - death of CofA and AB which were two obstacles in way of alliance with CV
1538 - treaty of nice between CV and Francis followed by 1539 pact of Toledo when they each agreed to sever communications with eng. excommunication of H8 by pope Paul III - worried about sp/fr invasion
1539 - pope sends cardinal Beaton to Scot and cardinal pole to fr to rouse support of a cath crusade of eng against H8. Henry responded by marrying prot princess A of C seeking an Alliance with league of schmalkalden. However this became unnecessary when relations between Francis and CV broke down. Henry passed act of 6 articles to appease CV and pope

89
Q

FP 1540 - 47

A

1542 - an invasion of Scot brought heavy defeat for Scot’s at battle of solway moss. Death of James V weakened Scot side but H8 fails to mount full scale invasion. Crown left to infant Mary Stuart at 6 days old with her mother Mary guise as regent
1543 - treaty of Greenwich - H8 son Ed betrothed to MQS. However as Scot’s refused to ratify treaty Henry begins the rough wooing to get Scot to agree to his demands and sends earl of Hertford to raid levin, Edinburgh and St Andrews - achieves little. Continues into reign of Ed
1544- Henry in alliance with CV so invades Fr in 1544 as head of large army and captures boulogne, CV made a seperate peace with Francis so eng on own
1545 - Francis I sends troops to Scot to support an invasion of eng. eng defeated at battle of ancrum moor but Scot’s failed to invade. Another fr force landed in Isle of Wight invasion failed but Henry’s flagship the Mary rose sank in the Solent. Fr failed to recapture Boulogne
1546 - treaty of camps with Fr as neither side could afford to continue fighting. Eng would keep boulogne for 8 years and would buy it back for £600,000 with annual pension of £35,000.

90
Q

Ireland

A

Eng in control of pale area of land surrounding Dublin ruled by Gerald Fitzgerald 9th earl of Kildare on H8s behalf. He was one of powerful Gaelic chiefs and an eng couture and servant of crown hard to sustain so relationship between him and king brokn
Kildares dismissal 1534 led to major rebellion which was only suppressed with difficulty and great expense.
The subsequent attempt to bring Irish govn more directly under eng control failed and Ireland became an increasing expense to the crown.
An invasion of the pale by two Irish nobles, O’Neil and O’Donnell in 1539 was eventually controlled
1541 the govn tried to pacify Ireland by - est it as a separate kingdom under eng law, making counties out of Irish chieftains and granting Irish nobles peerage titles and same legal protection as eng counterparts
However govn lacked resources to follow through with reforms, there was no residual Irish loyalty to eng crown and after 1536 the emerging religious differences between eng and Ireland complicated the situation.

91
Q

Securing the succession

A

1516 - Mary born heir presumptive
1532 - AB pregnant
1533 - marriage between C of A and H8 annulled. Eliz born
1534 - act of succession - Mary illegitimate and succession rests with Anne’s children. Elizabeth- heir presumptive
1536 - death of CofA and execution of AB
Henry marries Jane Seymour
1536 sucession act - repeals 1534 act. Makes Elizabeth illegitimate and stated that in the absence of a male heir king could determine succession by will or letters patent. Would allow him to make illegitimate son d of richomand legitimate but he died 1536
1537 - ed born heir apparent
1544 succession act - repeals 1536 - reinstates Mary and eliz to succession and reaffirms that Henry could determine succession by will or letters patent
Dec 1546 - Henrys will - confirmed succession arrangements of 1544. Stated that if ed,Mary and eliz all died with no children then heirs of Henry’s sister Mary Duchess of Suffolk should succeed. Set up a regency council to act on eds behalf.

92
Q

Debasement

A

Started 1526
More frequent 1540s
Short term artificial boom 1544 - 46

93
Q

Enclosure acts

A

1515 , 1517 commission and 1534 limiting sheep ownership and engrossing

94
Q

Bad harvests

A

1520 - 21
1527 - 29

95
Q

When did population grow

A

1525

96
Q

H8 example of giving property and titles to nobs

A

Suffolk property in Lincolnshire after rebellion there in 1536

97
Q

When did Henry adopt the title of king of Ireland

A

1541

98
Q

When did Henry and Cromwell re - establish the C of N

A

1536 after PoG

99
Q

What was under jurisdiction of C of Wales and marches 1536

A

Wales, Shropshire, Herefordshire, worchestshire and glouschestire
Based at Ludlow in Shropshire

100
Q

When were the palatinates brought back under eng control

A

1536 - Lancashire, Cheshire and Durham

101
Q

When was PoG

A

1536

102
Q

How much of confiscated church and monastic property was sold for FP by 1547

A

Nearly 2/3

103
Q

When were there complaints in Yorkshire about the raising of a subsidy

A

1513

104
Q

When was amicable grant rebellion

A

1525
1000 people on Essex - Suffolk border refused to pay
D of Norfolk and Suffolk faced 4000 refusals so king had to back down esp unemployed cloth workers who found it impossible to pay the levy
Wol sought pardons for rebels and leaders

105
Q

PoG and Lincolnshire rising key chronology

A

1536 Oct - Lincolnshire rising began
- PofG began in East Riding of Yorkshire led by Robert Aske
- Lincolnshire rising ordered by d of Suffolk rebels
- northern rebels captured pontefract castle
- Rebels met D of Norfolk forces, Norfolk offered a pardon and Falsley promised that the dissolved monasteries would be restored and a free parl est
Nov - east and west riding rebels dispersed
Dec - royal proclamation offered a pardon to the rebels
1537 - jan/feb - rebellion in Cumberland and renewed rebellion in East Riding of Yorkshire suppressed by Norfolk. Martial law declared and 74 rebels hanged. Though after lenient treatment was given

106
Q

When did Erasmus visit eng

A

4 times between 1509 - 1514 and continued to visit 1514 - 21

107
Q

How many monasteries did wol dissolve in 1520s and why

A

20 to fund foundation of cardinals college in oxford

108
Q

When was the act restricting usage of B of Clergy introduced

A

1512 parl

109
Q

Hunne affair parl

A

1515

110
Q

When did martin Luther’s attack on cath church in ger give rise to prot

A

1517

111
Q

When did ger Prots come to eng

A

1520 came to London and east coast

112
Q

Where was there a protest group based in 1520s

A

Cambridge met at white horse to discuss religion included Cranmer and Robert Barnes

113
Q

When did dean of St Paul’s john colet give sermon describing why there is anticlericalism

A

1511
Due to ambition, greed, carnal and moral laxity and too many in church involved in matters of secular world so neglect matters of church

114
Q

Changes to church structure

A

1534 - act of supremacy and Cromwell made vicegerent in spirituals
Also six new dioceses created

115
Q

Did wol strengthen church

A

1524 - 27 - closed 30 monasteries to pay for est of grammar school in Ipswich and cardinal college Oxford
1528 wol riske h8 anger and refused to appoint a woman of dubious virtue - friend of AB to post of Abbess of Wilton

116
Q

When was act of 10 articles

A

1536 - prot made by Cranmer

117
Q

When were the first set of royal injunctions

A

1536 by Cromwell - orders to the clergy

118
Q

When was first act of dissolution

A

1536 closed smaller houses that got 200 a year or less - 300 in category only 64 remained open

119
Q

When was the bishops book

A

1537 - more conservative than 10 articles restored 4 sacraments but of lesser importance

120
Q

When was Matthew’s bible

A

1537 prot version

121
Q

When was second act of royal injunctions

A

1538 eng bible in parish churches in next two years and removal of images and relics

122
Q

When was burning of john lambert

A

1538 as he denied transubstantiation

123
Q

When was papal bull of excommunication

A

1538 issued by pope Paul III

124
Q

When was the great bible

A

1539 chained to pulpit in all parish churches if don’t get it fines in 1541. Eng bible

125
Q

When was cat of six articles

A

1539 restores cath doctrine and transubstatiation law of land until H8 dies = national cath
Punishment of burning if deny transubstantiation
Shaxton and Latimer prot bishops resign in protest
Articles included - can have communion in one kind, vows of Chasity observed and priests may not marry

126
Q

When was second act of dissolution

A

1539 Dissolved all larger houses eg Glastonbury abbey

127
Q

When was kings book

A

1543 cath version of bishops book - Henry behind it restores 7 sacraments

128
Q

Less prot changes

A

From 1540 when Cromwell executed

129
Q

When was act for advancement of true religion

A

1543

130
Q

How many religious houses in eng and Wales

A

800/850

131
Q

Total income of monasteries and how much land

A

160K a yr and 1/3 of all propertied land so 3x royal income

132
Q

How may men and women taken vows

A

10,000

133
Q

When was valor Ecclesiasticus

A

1535 - investigators were Leigh and Leyton

134
Q

When did Henry found two new houses

A

1536 - 7

135
Q

Dissolution of larger houses

A

1537 - voluntary surrender of houses by commissioners eg Lewes priory one of the biggest
1538 - 202 other large houses surrender
1539 second act of dissolution legitimised voluntary surrenders and closed any others
1540 - all religious houses dissolved

136
Q

Henrys poor law

A

1535 - instructed jps to prevent begging in each village by supporting poor through charitable contributions

137
Q

When were 6 new bishoprics created

A

1542 - oxford, Chester, Gloucester, Bristol, Peterborough and Westminster

138
Q

Due to dissolution how much wealth did church lose

A

25 %

139
Q

How much extra did H8 get a yr between 1536- 45

A

140,000 normal income 100,000

Tudors (5 decks)

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