Henry VIII

Question 1

When did Henry VIII’S reign start and end ?

Answer 1

1509-1540

Question 2

How many Parliaments (in total) were there during Henry’s reign ?

Answer 2

7 parliaments

Question 3

What was the primary reason for Henry’s parliament ?

Answer 3

To secure revenue

Question 4

What governmental approach did Henry/Wolsey use ? How long did it last for ?

Answer 4

Conciliar government

1509-1514

Question 5

What factors contributed to the end of Henry’s early conciliar government ?

Answer 5

• Councillors didn’t want to support Henry’s war in France
• Dominated decision making
• Surrounded himself with like minded courtiers who raised his suspicions of the ‘old guard’
• Impressed by Wolsey

Question 6

What were the Eltham Ordinances ? (Bonus for year)

Answer 6

• 1526
• Introduced by Wolsey to reform the finances of the Privy Council.
• Removed the standing Groom of the Stool, Sir William Compton, to Henry Norris.

Question 7

What was the King’s Great Matter ?

Answer 7

The annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn

Question 8

What did the King’s Great Matter essentially lead to ?

Answer 8

The break from the Roman Catholic Church

Question 9

What was Henry’s attitude to kingship ?

Answer 9

-Wanted to be an Imperial King

Question 10

What is an Imperial King ?

Answer 10

• Believed he was an equal/recipient of God

- Warrior like

Question 11

Who was Henry VIII’s role model ? Which battle was he most famous for ?

Answer 11

• Henry V

- Battle of Agincourt 1415; famous English victory against France

Question 12

Name 3 of Henry’s early aims :

Answer 12

• Secure his status among European monarchs
• Re establish the role of the nobility
• Change his father’s foreign policy and establish himself as a warrior king

Question 13

What was significant about Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon ?

Answer 13

• Secured Anglo Spanish relations

- Catherine was heavily involved with politics (particularly Anglo Spanish relations

Question 14

How did Henry re establish the nobility ?

Answer 14

• Shared many tastes with the nobility, e.g. military glory

- Participated in sports, e.g. jousting with noble sons

Question 15

How did Henry go about England’s foreign policy ?

Answer 15

• Frequently made and broke alliances (particularly with France)
• Didn’t go to war with Charles V as he controlled the majority of Europe, e.g. Holy Roman Empire, Spain and Netherlands
• Frequently went to war with France, with insignificant results

Question 16

What was the ‘dry stamp’ ?

Answer 16

The King’s signature forged by the GotPC for official documents, & was ever given to 3 men at one time.

Question 17

What special papal powers were given to Wolsey (as Cardinal) ?

Answer 17

Legatine powers (legatus a latere) to represent the Pope

Question 18

What was the Tudor Subsidy ?

Answer 18

• Pre dated Henry VIII’s reign
• Rather than using a local commissioner to assess taxpayer’s wealth (when collecting taxes). He set up a committee which Wolsey headed to base the nation’s revenue

Question 19

What led to Wolsey’s downfall ? (three factors)

Answer 19

• Cardinal Campeggio adjourning the annulment hearing in July 1529 (it wasn’t granted)
• He was unpopular in parliament
• charged with praemunire & arrested

Question 20

What was the Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates 1532 ?

Answer 20

This conditionally withheld the first year income from bishops - Pope

Question 21

What the HoC Supplication against the Ordinaries 1532 ?

Answer 21

Increased anticlerical pressure within the House of Commons; directed against alleged abuse of ordinary jurisdiction.

Question 22

What was the Formal Submission of the Clergy to Henry VIII 1532 ?

Answer 22

Formal surrender of the Church’s independent law making functions (led to Thomas More’s resignation as Lord Chancellor)

Question 23

What of the Restraint of Appeals 1533 ?

Answer 23

Appeals couldn’t be made to Rome regarding Church court decisions and other areas.

Question 24

What did the Act of Succession 1534 declare ?

Answer 24

• Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon was void
• Succession should be vested to Anne Boleyn’s children
• To deny Henry and Anne’s marriage was treason.

Question 25

What was the Act of Supremacy 1534 ?

Answer 25

Legislative force to the Royal supremacy (the King is the Head of the Church)

Question 26

What was the Treason Act 1534 ?

Answer 26

It was treason/punishable by death to speak badly about the king (heretic, schismatic, tryant etc)

Question 27

What was The Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown 1534 ?

Answer 27

The Annates that were paid to the Pope should now be paid to the King

Question 28

What were the 4 weaknesses of the Catholic Church ?

Answer 28

• Corruption (pluralism; receiving profits for more than one post/simony; buying church offices/non residence; receiving profits for a post but not being present)
• Anticlericalism (opposition to political/social importance of the clergy, including the death of Richard Hunne 1514
• Purgatory (divided protestantism and catholicism)
• Decline of monasticism (dissolved 625 monasteries, all were destroyed by 1540)

Question 29

What was the Valor Ecclesiasticus ?

Answer 29

A survey that evaluated the finances of monasteries by Cromwell; resulted in the dissolution of the monasteries

Question 30

What was the Second Act of Annates, 1534 ?

Answer 30

Annates were reserved for the Crown and took all revenue charged for the appointment of bishops.