Henry VIII Flashcards
When did Henry VIII’S reign start and end ?
1509-1540
How many Parliaments (in total) were there during Henry’s reign ?
7 parliaments
What was the primary reason for Henry’s parliament ?
To secure revenue
What governmental approach did Henry/Wolsey use ? How long did it last for ?
Conciliar government
1509-1514
What factors contributed to the end of Henry’s early conciliar government ?
- Councillors didn’t want to support Henry’s war in France
- Dominated decision making
- Surrounded himself with like minded courtiers who raised his suspicions of the ‘old guard’
- Impressed by Wolsey
What were the Eltham Ordinances ? (Bonus for year)
- 1526
- Introduced by Wolsey to reform the finances of the Privy Council.
- Removed the standing Groom of the Stool, Sir William Compton, to Henry Norris.
What was the King’s Great Matter ?
The annulment of Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn
What did the King’s Great Matter essentially lead to ?
The break from the Roman Catholic Church
What was Henry’s attitude to kingship ?
-Wanted to be an Imperial King
What is an Imperial King ?
- Believed he was an equal/recipient of God
- Warrior like
Who was Henry VIII’s role model ? Which battle was he most famous for ?
- Henry V
- Battle of Agincourt 1415; famous English victory against France
Name 3 of Henry’s early aims :
- Secure his status among European monarchs
- Re establish the role of the nobility
- Change his father’s foreign policy and establish himself as a warrior king
What was significant about Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon ?
- Secured Anglo Spanish relations
- Catherine was heavily involved with politics (particularly Anglo Spanish relations
How did Henry re establish the nobility ?
- Shared many tastes with the nobility, e.g. military glory
- Participated in sports, e.g. jousting with noble sons
How did Henry go about England’s foreign policy ?
- Frequently made and broke alliances (particularly with France)
- Didn’t go to war with Charles V as he controlled the majority of Europe, e.g. Holy Roman Empire, Spain and Netherlands
- Frequently went to war with France, with insignificant results
What was the ‘dry stamp’ ?
The King’s signature forged by the GotPC for official documents, & was ever given to 3 men at one time.
What special papal powers were given to Wolsey (as Cardinal) ?
Legatine powers (legatus a latere) to represent the Pope
What was the Tudor Subsidy ?
- Pre dated Henry VIII’s reign
- Rather than using a local commissioner to assess taxpayer’s wealth (when collecting taxes). He set up a committee which Wolsey headed to base the nation’s revenue
What led to Wolsey’s downfall ? (three factors)
- Cardinal Campeggio adjourning the annulment hearing in July 1529 (it wasn’t granted)
- He was unpopular in parliament
- charged with praemunire & arrested
What was the Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates 1532 ?
This conditionally withheld the first year income from bishops - Pope
What the HoC Supplication against the Ordinaries 1532 ?
Increased anticlerical pressure within the House of Commons; directed against alleged abuse of ordinary jurisdiction.
What was the Formal Submission of the Clergy to Henry VIII 1532 ?
Formal surrender of the Church’s independent law making functions (led to Thomas More’s resignation as Lord Chancellor)
What of the Restraint of Appeals 1533 ?
Appeals couldn’t be made to Rome regarding Church court decisions and other areas.
What did the Act of Succession 1534 declare ?
- Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon was void
- Succession should be vested to Anne Boleyn’s children
- To deny Henry and Anne’s marriage was treason.
What was the Act of Supremacy 1534 ?
Legislative force to the Royal supremacy (the King is the Head of the Church)
What was the Treason Act 1534 ?
It was treason/punishable by death to speak badly about the king (heretic, schismatic, tryant etc)
What was The Act Annexing First Fruits and Tenths to the Crown 1534 ?
The Annates that were paid to the Pope should now be paid to the King
What were the 4 weaknesses of the Catholic Church ?
- Corruption (pluralism; receiving profits for more than one post/simony; buying church offices/non residence; receiving profits for a post but not being present)
- Anticlericalism (opposition to political/social importance of the clergy, including the death of Richard Hunne 1514
- Purgatory (divided protestantism and catholicism)
- Decline of monasticism (dissolved 625 monasteries, all were destroyed by 1540)
What was the Valor Ecclesiasticus ?
A survey that evaluated the finances of monasteries by Cromwell; resulted in the dissolution of the monasteries
What was the Second Act of Annates, 1534 ?
Annates were reserved for the Crown and took all revenue charged for the appointment of bishops.
