Henry VII - Religion, Humanism, Arts And Learning Flashcards
What were guilds and confraternities?
Voluntary associations of individuals created to promote works of Christian charity or devotion
How did the church aid social control?
Encouraged good behaviour, obedience, and stressed the value of community
What was the centre of religious experience for ordinary people?
The parish church (over 8000)
What does it mean when the relationship between the church and state was Erastian?
The view that the state should have authority over the church
Henry VII’s relationship with the papacy
Pope did little to interfere
Papacy didn’t object to Henry’s use of church wealth to reward clergy he had given high political office
Under what two provinces was the church in England administered?
Canterbury and York, each under the jurisdiction of an archbishop.
And 17 dioceses each under a bishop’s control
Role of abbots
Heads of wealthy religious houses
Membership of HOL alongside bishops
Had to balance administrative and management alongside demonstrating spirituality to maintain reputation
Not all lived up to these demands - criticisms of monastic life increasing
What was the most important of the 7 sacraments needed to reach heaven and avoid purgatory?
Eucharist - transubstantiation
Church’s social role
Benefactors - bequeath money to spend less time in purgatory
Chantries - chapels where masses for the dead occurred (intercession done by chantry priest)
Guilds and confraternities
Pilgrimage
Example of importance of individual religious experience - Margaret Beaufort
Widespread donations, especially to Cambridge university
How popular was pilgrimage?
Evidence primary site - tomb of Thomas becket at Canterbury - was losing popularity
But vast number of pilgrimage sites made access east and frequent
What was Rogationtide?
Simple form of pilgrimage within a parish on rogation Sunday
Walked around parish boundaries carrying banners and parish cross to ward off evil spirits
What was the Bridgettine foundation at Syon?
Exceptional nunnery - quality novices and wealthy
Religious orders
Benedictines (oldest and most common)
Cistercians and Carthusians - founded in 11th century due to lack of zeal of benedictines (located in more rural areas)
Who did monasteries recruit?
Recruits from range of social backgrounds, but mainly the wealthy in larger houses
Recruited mainly from own localities
Orders of Friars
Dominicans, Franciscans, Augustinians
Recruited lower down social scale than larger monasteries
Worked among Laiety supported by donation
Who was John Wycliffe?
Founded the Lollardy, which emerged in England in 14th century - considered heresy
Support for lollardy
Previously widespread but declined after failed pollard uprising in 1414
Considered heresy
Extent of church criticisms
Specific outbursts of anticlericalism rare and often politically motivated
Large numbers of priest hood candidates indicates priest’s retained support of laity
When did Erasmus first visit England?
1499
How many grammar schools were founded between 1460-1509?
53
What was the Eton Choirbook?
Compiled around 1505, collection of 93 musical compositions used in cathedrals
Beginnings of ‘renaissance’ from single line chants to more complex choral music
What type of architecture was dominant?
Gothic perpendicular style
When did Henry build the lady chapel in west minister
1502 - gothic perpendicular style
Culture
Gothic traditions
Printing concerned with traditional medieval and chivalric themes
Influence of humanism during Henry VII’s reign?
Limited, but humanist influences had reached England by end of reign in 1509
Intellectual/education dominated by traditional medieval scholastic philosophy
Architecture remained gothic perpendicular style
Visual culture remained mainly gothic
Influence of humanism on education
1480’s experienced inroads, particularly at Magdalene college school in Oxford
Widening of opportunities - song schools, reading schools for the very young and grammar schools
Much provision for wealthy, but access for majority depended on where they lived
What was the most popular art form?
Drama - famous plays at feasts of Corpus Christi by guilds
Combined public celebration with moral and religious messages
