Henry 8 - Economy

Question 1

By mid 1500’s how many blast furnaces were there?

Answer 1

26

Question 2

From 1550’s what percentage of cloth exports were transported by English merchants?

Answer 2

70%

Question 3

What were the increasing exports counterbalanced by?

Answer 3

Increasing wine imports

Question 4

Wool and cloth exports

Answer 4

Almost doubled

Accounted for 90% of exports

Question 5

Significant increase in export of tin (prized export) and hides

True or false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Trade routes

Answer 6

Increasingly cloth exported from London - negative impact on provincial traders and other ports

Question 7

Where was London increasingly supplied with coal from

Answer 7

Newcastle - transported by sea

Question 8

Henry VIII and exploration

Answer 8

No interest

Only exception was Robert Thorne’s continued involvement in Iceland and Newfoundland fishery

Question 9

1523 Subsidy assessment indicated considerable urban poverty

What percentage of Coventry were recorded as having no personal wealth?

Answer 9

Over 50%

Question 10

How many rural labourers migrated to London per year due to growing unemployment

Answer 10

Over 5000

Question 11

Population change?

Answer 11

From 1525 - population grew significantly with general decline in mortality rate

Question 12

Debasement

Answer 12

Began 1526, frequent by 1540’s

Temporary artificial economic boom, but long term cost to living standards

Reformation contributed to this (increased volume by gold/silver seized)

Question 13

What happened to real wages?

Answer 13

Decline for many, especially in 1540’s when effects of debasement most evident

Question 14

What happened to grain and meat prices by 1530’s?

Answer 14

Doubled since 1510

Question 15

Effects of engrossing?

Answer 15

Some made homeless

Difficult to determine extent or effects

Legislation ineffective

Question 16

Effects of harvests?

Answer 16

Bad harvest 1535 was a cause of the Lincolnshire rising

Good harvest 1537-1539 helped reduce discontent caused by continuation of dissolution

Question 17

What were the effect of 1520-21, 1527-29 bad harvests?

Answer 17

Led to significant food price rises

Question 18

Small signs of capitalism

Answer 18

Landowners benefitted from pop increase

Cheap and plentiful labour and wages declined

Question 19

Society more polarised

Answer 19

Upper classes increasingly saw poor as idle

Rich slightly richer, poor slightly poorer

Question 20

How many cases did wolsey’s enclosure commission (1517) bring against people

Answer 20

188

Question 21

Extent of enclosure?

Answer 21

Extent and scale undetermined

Largely small scale regional practice - mostly in East Midlands villages

Question 22

Legislation against enclosure

Answer 22

1489 and 1515 - muddled and ineffective

1534 - limited results (attempted to limit sheep ownership and engrossing)

Question 23

Why did Wolsey agree to abandon enclosure policy for 18 months?

Answer 23

In return for 1523 subsidy

Question 24

The majority of damage caused by enclosure occurred prior to what year?

Answer 24

1485

Question 25

Who highlighted the harmful effects of enclosure that Wolsey responded to by establishing an enclosure commission?

Answer 25

Thomas Mores ‘Utopia’ (1516)

Question 26

What was enclosure regarded as?

Answer 26

A moral problem causing poor to be homeless

Question 27

By 1547 what proportion of the population was employed in agriculture?

Answer 27

90% - mainly subsistence farming