Henry VII (7th) Flashcards
1
Q
How did Henry secure his succession?
A
- Rewarded supporters through knighthood or titles
- Detained possible threats
- Predated his reign to 21st August 1485
- Coronated without meeting with his first parliament
2
Q
What was Acts of Attainder?
A
- Passed in the first meeting convened in Parliament
- Declared someone guilty of treason without a trail
- Meant Henry could seize land and property
- Increased Crown lands + revenue
3
Q
Who was he married to?
A
- Married to Elizabeth of York
- January 1486
- Symbolising the union of House Lancaster and York
- Birth of Heir in 1486
4
Q
Who was Elizabeth of York?
A
- Eldest daughter of Edward IV
- No surviving brothers
- Strong claim to the throne
- But female monarchs were unheard of
5
Q
Who was Lovell?
A
- Lovell was a key supporter of Richard III
- Attempted to raise a rebellion in the North Riding of Yorkshire
- Escaped and fled to Court of Margaret of Burgundy
6
Q
Who was Stafford?
A
- Attempted to raise a rebellion in the Midlands
- Captured and executed
7
Q
Who was Lambert Simnel and what happened to him?
A
- Impersonator who pretended to be Earl of Warwick
- Ploy by John De La Pole and financed by Margaret of Burgundy
Deception exposed by Henry showing real Edward - Crowned King of England in Ireland 1487
- Simnel’s army crushed at Battle of Stoke Field
- Simnel pardoned and given job at royal kitchens
8
Q
What was the importance of Margaret of Burgundy?
A
- Sister to Richard III and Edward IV
- Funded and supported Warbeck and Simnel
- Provided an army of 2,000 to Simnel
9
Q
What happened Yorkshire Rebellion and what happened after the rebellion?
A
- 1489- Henry made plans to assist Brittany against France
- Henry raised taxation to be paid in cash
- Caused resentment in Northumberland and Yorkshire mainly
- Yorkshire had a bad harvest + tax
- Henry travelled North to pardon rebels
- Northumberland replaced by Earl of Surrey
- Tax collection for Brittany failed
10
Q
What happened Cornish Rebellion and what happened after the rebellion?
A
- 1497- King demanded a forced loan and a taxed levy
- Double portion of fifteenth and tenth taxation
- Led to armed revolt
- Henry knighted and rewarded loyal soldiers for guarding London
- Cornwall was burdened by momentary penalties after rebellion until 1508
-1508- King granted compensation to Cornish grievances
11
Q
What was the Royal council and who was involved?
A
- Group of advisors who supported the king in key decisions
- King only met with 6-7 members
- John Morton and Reginald Bray were prominent members
12
Q
What was the Central Government?
A
- A group of advisors that helped Henry make decisions more efficiently
- Usually a small group
13
Q
Who was Lord Chancellor in H7’s reign?
A
John Morton
14
Q
Who was Lord Privy Seal?
A
Richard Fox
15
Q
Who was Lord Treasurer?
A
Dynham
16
Q
What was the Regional Government?
A
- Henry had less control over North than other areas
- Used co-operation of local noblemen
- Had JPS
17
Q
Who were the JPS and what powers did they had?
A
- Local Gentry who followed tasks in hope of advancements
- Powers;
- Maintaining law and order
- Investigating local officials and nobles
- Assess for tax
- Regulate alehouse
18
Q
What was the role of the Parliament?
A
- Pass laws + Grant taxation to Crown
- Passed the Act of Attainders after Bosworth
- 1486 Act of Resumption (all crown land given after 1455 was returned)
- Custom duty’s for life
19
Q
Council of Wales
A
- Initially under control of Arthur
- Increased control through death of existing Lords
20
Q
Council of Ireland
A
- Problem area- supported Yorkist
- Relied on traditional families
21
Q
Council of the North
A
- Defended the boarder with Scotland
- Admin + judicial powers to enforce law
22
Q
Types of Ordinary Revenue
A
- Crown lands
- Marriage
- Escheats (money when land reverted to Crown)
- Wardship (looking after heir and land)
- Livery (Fine to take back Wardship land)
- Relief (money paid when inheriting land)
23
Q
Types of Extraordinary Revenue
A
- Loans
- Benevolences
- Parliamentary Grants
- Clerical taxes
24
Q
Aims of Henry’s foreign policy
A
- Nobility= glory and honour through war
- Henry= Finance (Customs duty)
= Prestige
= Security (Ports, frontiers, plot)
= Dynastic Policy (marriage)
25
Maximilian of HRE involvement in Henry's foreign policy
- Treaty of Windsor (1506)
= Phillip handed over Yorkist Earl of Suffolk
= Henry supported Phillips claim to the Castilian throne
- Treaty of Intercursus Magnus (1496)
= Re-established trade between England and Burgundian Netherlands
26
Charles VIII of France involvement in Henry's foreign policy
- Treaty of Etaples
= $159,000 for Henry to withdraw troops from France
= Promised to not support Perkin Warbeck
- France had been a enemy of England for generations
27
Margaret of Burgundy involvement in Henry's foreign policy
- Trade Embargo (1493)
= Banning trade with Burgundy
- Key supporter and funder of Yorkist pretenders (Simnel + Warbeck)
28
Why was France a threat to England?
- Considered greatest power in Europe at the time alongside Spain
- Rivals with England since 11th century
29
Why was Burgundy a threat to England?
- Controlled by Margaret of Burgundy who was Yorkist and supported pretenders and sheltered runaways
- Burgundy was essential to Englands economy with trade and clothing finishing centre
30
Why was Scotland a threat to England?
- Borders with England meant that there was frequent raids
- Alliance with France
31
What was the Treaty of Medina del Campo and when was it?
- 1489
- Marriage alliance between Catherine of Aragon and Prince Arthur
- Mutual protection
- No harbouring of rebels
- Needed the exception of Warbeck to go ahead
32
What was the Treaty of Redon and when was it?
- 1489
- Henry sent 6,000 English troops to help Brittany
- Economical aid
- Independence against French annexation of Brittany
- Marked shift in focus from peace with France to intervention
33
What was the Treaty of Etaples and when was it?
- 1492
- French compensation for the abandonment of English interests in Brittany
- France had to stop stopped Warbeck
34
What was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace and when was it?
- 1502
- Truce following the execution on Warbeck
- Secured marriage of Margret Tudor and James IV of Scotland
35
What was the Intercursus Magnus and when was it?
- 1496
- Resumed trade with Burgundy after Trade Embargo
36
What was the Treaty of Windsor and when was it?
- 1506
- Trade agreement between Burgundy and England
- More favourable to England
- Earl of Suffolk was handed back to England
37
What was the Council of Learned in Law and when was it created?
- 1495
- Created by Reginald Bray
- Defended King's position as feudal lord, maintained King's revenue and exploited his rights
