Henry VII Flashcards
Describe the first stage of the War of Roses.
Yorkist returned to England, Richard took crown, series of battles followed and Richard dies so Edwards took throne and Henry Tudor placed on guard ship.
Causes of the First Stage.
Bastard Feudalism, Economic pressure and defeat in 100 years war.
Describe the second stage of the Wars of the Roses.
Edward IV establishes himself but an unlikely alliance between Margret of Anjou, Earl of Warwick and George of Clemence.
Describe the third stage of the war of roses
Edward IV’s reign was strong until death when Richard became king after the Princes mysterious death. Richards rule weakened crown. Margret Beaufort sent money and encouragement to son who beat Richard in the Battle of Bosworth
When was the Battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
What were the causes of the Third Stage?
Weakness of Minority rule and political ambition of Richard III
Define bastard feudalism
Knights pledged loyalty for annual payments
Who was Margret of Anjou?
Wife of Henry VI, single-minded, great support and when capture formed alliances with Scotland and Yorkists to overthrow Edward IV
Who was Cecily Neville?
Mother of Edward and Richard; gained political role and had Edward’s ear
Who was Elizabeth Woodville?
Wife of Edward IV, mother to princes in tower, gave Margret of Burgundy marriage alliance and gave troops to support Henry Tudor
Who was Margret of Burgundy?
Sister of Edward and Richard; gave money and support to pretenders
Who was Margret of Beaufort?
Mother of Henry Tudo, exiled Henry for safety, gave money and support so he could invade, influenced Stanley to change sides at the battle of Bosworth, maintained authority in Midlands, rule for court ceremonies, shepherded Henry VIII into power
Who was Elizabeth of York?
Daughter of Edward IV, wife of Henry VIII and mother of Henry VIII; was Yorkist heiress, united country and produce heirs for dynasty
When did Henry VII marry Elizabeth?
18th January 1486
Who were Lovell and the Staffords?
Key supporter of Richard III, tried to raise support in Easter 1486 but didn’t get sufficient support and was suppressed
Why was the Earl of Warwick captured?
Was Henry’s nephew and Yorkist claimant so was locked away in tower of London
Who were Edmund and Richard de la Pole?
Younger brothers of Lincoln, claimants so Edmund was killed and Richard dies while on campaign in France
Describe problems Lambert Simnel created
Yorkist figurehead who claimed to be Warwick but after Henry paraded real one fled to Margret of Burgundy’s court and got support. Return with army to Battle of Stoke Feild but Henry had notice os was prepared
Describe problems Perkin Warbeck created
Was cloth trader from Flanders who pretended to be Prince in the tower, convinced foreign monarchs of identity and went to Margret of Burgundy where he got support. First landed in 195 and fled to Scotland, after he allied with Stanley and tried again after Cornish rebellion
When was the Battle of Stoke Feild?
1487
What happened at the Battle of Stoke Feild?
Henry though he would lose and troops would turn on him like Bosworth but Oxford put down, killing Earl of Lincoln. Ended Wars of Roses and Yorkist were weakened with bonds
Briefly describe Henry VII’s foreign policy with Scotland
Anglo-Scottish tensions were high, James VI took throne and offered hospitality to Warbeck. Launched a small army that gathered no support and led to Henry invading. Cornish rebellion caused England and Scotland to sign truce. in 1498 relations improved and James handed over Warbeck
Briefly describe Henry VII’s foreign policy with Spain
Isabella and Ferdinand presided over Castille and was powerful. Henry wanted a relationship with them, Treaty of Medina del Campo. After Arthur’s death, Henry tried to resecure an alternative marriage between his other son Henry but became less intrested after Isablella’s death. Juana and Philip crashed and Henry took opputinity to resecure details but after Juana was declared insane and Ferdinand become regent, Henry was frozen out by a major foreign power
Briefly describe Henry VII’s foreign policy with Ireland
Henry’s control didn’t extend past pale, Earl of Kildare was Yorkist and feared by Henry so sent english man and army to cease control. After while Henry had to revert back to Kildare because it was too costly.
Briefly describe Henry VII’s foreign policy with Burgundy, Netherlands and Holy Roman Empire
Main export destination, Margaret of Burgundy and Maximilian hosted Henry’s enemies causing trade to break down. The Interurcus Magnus restored trade but after Isablella’s death trade broke down. Henry received Earl of Suffolk and dynasty was rescued.
Briefly describe Henry VII’s foreign policy with France and Brittany
First foreign relation, Henry summoned an army when it looked like France were going to reclaim area. Through fears of hostility Anne married Charles and Henry was frozen out. Henry invaded France at tactical time so he was able to secure peace settlement
When did Isablella of Castile die?
1504
What occurred during the period of 1501 - 03?
Marriage uniting two countries and Treaty of Perpetual Peace kept good relations until Henry’s death
