Henry VII Flashcards
The Yorkshire Rebellion
- Henry raised taxes to support the conflict in the south coast ( campaign in Brittany )
- Started in April 1489
- Kings tax collector - Earl of Northumberland was killed
- His murder was a direct attack on royalty with Yorkists
- the rebellion was defeated by earl of Surrey
- Henry did not raise another tax in the north of England
Breton Crisis
Between 1488- 92
France attempted to absorb Brittany
Calais were under threat
Henry did not wanted the war to happen, so he secretly send troops to Brittany
Duke of Brittany died and Anne of Burgundy became the Dutches in 1488
1491 Anne married to Charles VIII, king of France
Attainders
Laws which allowed to accuse a Nobel of treason without going through the process of trial
138 attainders were passed during Henry VII reign
Nobels could pay off their reversal, yet they should have proved him loyalty to do so
Thomas Howard ( Yorkists ) felt into attainders, yet only going against the Yorkish rebellion and helping going against Scots proved Henry his loyalty
Spain
1488, Treaty of Medina Del Campo
Spain and England wont have any treaties with French without asking each others first
Equal trading rights for each others merchants
Prince Arthur would marry the Spanish Catherine of Aragon
The marriage took place by proxy in 1499 and for real in 1501
Viscount Lovell and the Staffords
First minor uprising against Henry which occurred in 1486
Led by Francis, Viscount Lovell was a key supporter of Richard III
Lovell attempted to start rebellion in the North of York, where most Richard III supporters where. At the same time Stafford tried to gain support in the Burgundy
Lovell escaped Henry’s forces but Stafford was executed
The significance of this rebellion showed how little there was enthusiasms they were even from Yorkists supporters
This rebellion was sponsored by Margaret of Burgundy that was suppressed easily others were not
Promoting trade
1485 Navigation Act banned English merchants use foreign ships. England build their own = Boosted English shipping
1489 The Export of English row material were limited ( it was illegal to use raw wool for their own purposes )
1496 Magnus Intercasus
Ordinary and extraordinary revenue
Ordinary revenue
- Feudal dues taxes, revenue collected from the lands and production
- The rents and sales of crops, resources from the Crown land
- under the ACT OF RESUMPTION ( getting back of the Crown land ) 1486 and the attainders increased Crown lands and never decreased
- Henry was not giving much of the land to family and friends
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Extraordinary revenue
- Bonds and recognices
- loans and benevolences ( gifts given without speciations of payment )
- Special ( taxes agreed by parliament )
- Such as french pension under the treaty of Etaples
Scotland
- Made a truce with England in 1486
- Perkin Warbeck was welcomed in Scotland in 1485. Perkin was given £1,200 pension and married to James IV cousin
- Henry and james signed treaty of Aston in 1497 after the loss in rebellion
- Marriage alliance between Margaret and James IV
The Star Chamber
- Was create by the Star Chamber Act in 1487
- prosecution, rebellions, retaining and corruption was dealt with in it
The Privy Chamber
- Was based in the Henry VII private rooms
- Comprising the close personnel servants of the monarchs, its members had direct access to the monarch and therefore could influence him or her more directly
- After the treason of Sir William Stanley the demand on usage of it fall in 1485 ( Stanley betrayed Richard IIi, than showed his support to the Perkin Werback )
The Council Learned
- Henry VII’s feudal rights ( financial payments )
- Enforced bonds and recognicenses ( certain action promised to the king )
- The Council increases crowns finances and kept nobels under security
- Empson and Dudley
Perkin Warbeck
- pretended to be Richard Duke of York
- Warbeck was welcomed in France until the Treaty of Etaples and later in burgundy
- in 1487 allied with King of Scotland, James IV
- Landed in England and tried to gain support
- Was executed in 1495 along with Edmund, Earl of Warwick
- Henry VII was able to make useful foreign alliances as he dealt with Warbeck
Retaining
- illegal retaining
- servants who served nobels
- some Nobels had hundreds of retainers who behaves like private army and may be spies
- 1504 Act against illigal retaining
- Act required Nobels to obtain a special license from the King before they could retain large numbers
- Nobels found ways to avoid getting a license ( 5 per month ) by covering up records of the wages of the servants
The Cornish rebellion
- Henry raised taxes to fight Scotland and Perkin Warbeck
- an army of rebels almost reaches London ( Blackheath )
- Hundreds of leaders were killed and leader ( Warbeck ) was executed
- King suppressed the rebellion himself
Lambert Simnel
- Pretened to be Edward, Earl of Warwick
- Was welcomed in Ireland and crowned as a King there
- John de La Pole a Earl of Lincoln put the conspiracy for Margaret of Burgundy in order to get money
- The rebels led by Earl of Lincoln fought Henry VII’s forces at the Battle of Stokefield
_ Several Yourkists were killed and Simnel was arrested - Henry gained oath of loyalties from other Yorkists
Edmund de la pole
- Edmund de La Pole actually had a legal right to claim for the throne ( descendent from Edward III )
- Henry took a title from him, as well as, needed to pay a relief £5,000 to him
- De la Pole fled to HRE in 1501
- Henry VII arrested all of his family members
- 1506 Henry negotiated the hand in over of Edmund. he agreed not to execute him
- De la Pole stayed in the Tower pf London until Henry VIII have executed him in 1513
Edward, Earl of Warwick
Edward IV’s nephew and he was locked in the Tower of London in 1435
- he was allerged to have plotted with Perkin Warbeck against Henry VII in in. 1493 and was behaved for doing so
France
- Breton crisis
- Treaty of Etaples 1497, gave Henry annual income and guarantee that France wont shelter any English rebels
- 1496, England joined Holy League, France was fighting with Italy. England reined neutral
Patronage
- the monarchs ( before H7 ) were granted land/positions at court to retain support
- This decreased under Henry, that was concerned about creating powerful nobels
- COnsequentky the number of nobels fell by 1/4
- Henry relied upon men of lower status, who were depended on his patronage as royal agents in local communities ( Edmund Dudley )
Burgundy
- Was part of HRE
- Margaret of Burguny = sister of Richard III
- Supported the rebellion of Perkin Warbeck
- Stayed in Burgundyy until 1496 when Magnus Intercasus was signed
- Magnus Intercasus -> allowed trade freely through Burgundy
