Henry VII (1485-1509) Flashcards
1
Q
Government:
- How many men were in Henry VII’s council?
- What was 3 aims of his council?
- Which churchmen helped Henry VII with legal judgements and adminstration?
A
- 227 men
- > (1) advise King
(2) provide adminstration
(3) conclude legal judgements - John Morton and Richard Fox
2
Q
Government:
- When does Sir William Stanley betray Henry VII? What role did he have?
- How does Sir William Stanley betray Henry VII?
- What does Henry VII introduce as a result?
A
- 1495; Lord Chaimberlain
- supports first invasion by Warbeck in 1495
- Privy Chamber
3
Q
Government:
- How many times does Henry call parliament during his reign? How many of them were in his early years?
- What role was introduced after the establishment of the Privy Chamber?
- How many Act of Attainders did Henry reverse?
A
- 7; 5/7 between 1485-95
- Groom of the Stool
- 46
4
Q
Government:
- How did Henry distribute land regionally? (Regional Government)
- How did Henry distribute land locally? How was this effective? (Local Government)
A
- > Magnates controlled NORTH
Stanleys controlled NORTH WEST
Earl of Northumberland controlled NORTH EAST
Earl of Surrey controlled NORTH (after Yorkshire Rebellion) - > JPs & Sheriffs controlled land LOCALLY in each county
responsible for administration locally (ie. taxations + maintaining law and order)
met 4 times a year to deliver judgements on disputes
5
Q
Government:
- What was the Council Learned? Who was in charge of it?
- Who did Henry charge £100,000 if they didn’t show good behaviour?
- Why was the Council Learned unpopular?
A
- maintained king’s revenue and exploited his prerogative rights; Sir Reginald Bray, Empson, Dudley
- Marquess of Dorset
- created dislike among nobility + limited nobles powers
6
Q
Government:
- Why was Henry VII concerned with national security in his early reign?
- How does Crown Land revenue increase under Henry VII? Why was this significant?
- Why was Extraordinary Revenue (parliamentary grants) a problem? Give an example
A
- passed the Act of Attainders - stopping nobles from supporting pretenders
- £12,000 to £42,000; Henry VII didn’t have to rely on extraordinary revenue
- Henry VII relied on parliament which made him vulnerable; £100,000 was funded by parliament for wars in Brittany
7
Q
Society:
- How does Henry control nobles in 1487? How much % of nobles were on it?
- Why was this effective? (what did it restrict)
- Why did Henry VII not create new peers for nobles? How many did they have previously?
A
- bonds and recognisances; 75%
- limited their power; restricted magnates from recruiting knights (known as ‘retainers’
- distrusted them due to him usurping the throne - fear of uprisings; 50-60 peers
8
Q
Society:
- Who were the churchmen that Henry VII preferred as Archbishops and Bishops and why?
- Who were the new men that he trusted over his nobility?
A
- Richard Fox and John Morton; wanted men that provide administration/legal services
- Bray, Empson, Dudley
9
Q
Society:
- How many knights and gentlemen that made up the gentry by 1500? How much of the population was the nobility and gentry
- How much land did they own together with the nobility?
- What was their purpose?
A
- 500 and 5000 respectively; 1%
- 15-20%
- Own large amounts of land
10
Q
Society:
- How many commoners were there?
- Who were they mainly led by in towns/cities?
A
- 2 million
- rich merchants and craftsmen
11
Q
Society:
- Where had regional divisions arise from and what 3 factors caused this division?
A
- > Wales + Cornwall: cultural differences
County Palatines of Chester and Durham: less noble influence - more independent
North/West - Tees Estuary to Weymouth - 1/4 population (sparsely populated)
South/East: 3/4 population (densely populated)
12
Q
Society:
- Who was murdered in the Yorkshire Rebellion? What year? Who did Henry therefore rely to diffuse tensions?
- Why was the Cornish Rebellion a bigger threat?
- Who did Henry sent to crush the rebellion? How did it help Henry in the long term?
A
- Earl of Northumberland; 1489; Earl of Surrey released from prison
- > Larger number were involved (15,000)
Warbeck attempted to exploit the rebellion - Lord Daubeney; Henry successfully eased the Anglo-Scottish tensions -> Treaty of Ayton
13
Q
Society:
- How does Henry VII react to Bastard Feudalism (‘retaining’)
- What does Henry introduced in 1487 which helps this? What did it ensure?
A
- > 1486: oath against retaining
1487: law against retaining
1504: now needed a licence to retain, fined £5 for every person you illegally trained - Star Chamber; stopped the corruption of justice (including retaining)
14
Q
Economy:
- What was the population of England under Henry VII? How many lived in urban areas? How many lived in London?
- How many towns had a population of over 3,000?
A
- 2.2m total; 10% urban; 50k in London
- 20 towns (eg. Norwich, Bristol, York, Coventry)
15
Q
Economy:
- How many of English exports were cloth? How much did productivity of wool increase by?
- How successful were coal and tin mining? Where were they supplied and used in?
- How was Henry able to secure peace easily?
A
- 90%; 60%
- very successful; supplied in Durham and Northumberland + used for fuel in London
- Treaty of Etaples: removed trade restrictions and ensured mutual protection
16
Q
Economy:
- Why couldn’t Henry improve trade?
- Why were peasants affected negatively?
- Which league impacted trade in the Baltic region?
A
- 3 year trade embargo in 1493
- (1) enclosure enforced - unable to work in common land as it was used for sheep farming (pastoral farming)
(2) labourers moved away from arable farming - less crops would grow - Hanseatic League
17
Q
Economy:
- What regions were winners and losers of the trade developments?
- What were the Navigation Acts of 1485 and 89?
- Who did it aim to challenge? Why?
A
- Winners: Suffolk/Sussex + London
Losers: Lincoln + Winchester - meant only English ships could transport English goods between ports
- Hanseatic League; they had monopoly over trade in the Baltic
18
Q
Economy:
- Who pressured the king to withdraw the trade embargo?
- What were the 2 factors which the Intercursus Magnus achieve?
A
- Merchant adventurers
- (1) ending of the trade embargo
(2) English merchants could export to Burgundy (except Flanders)
19
Q
Economy:
- Which Bristol merchant discovered unknown land and named it Newfoundsland? When?
Why was Bristol a significant location for merchants to be based there?
- How did Henry VII respond with the exploration?
A
- Cabot: 1497
- its geographical location (West Coast) made it easier to explore the Western Hemisphere
- supported the exploration with sponsering Cabot’s son (Sebastian) in 1508 but dies in 1509 - Henry VIII doesn’t support it when he gets into power
