Henry iI 1547-1559

Question 0

Gabelle

Answer 0

Attempted reform 1542 met resistance western france. 1548 20,000 revels arms against tax officials. H recognised what caused problem 1553 salt tax abolished in west

Question 1

Legislation created new law court

Answer 1

1552 siege presidial to judge certain criminal and civil cases. 60 courts into operation.

Question 2

Clerical tax

Answer 2

1552 raised 1.4 million livres

Question 3

Taxation

Answer 3

Collected 8.4 mil increase 25% of fathers haul in 1515

Question 4

Bankers loans

Answer 4

Borrowed 1.2 mil from lyons bankers 1552 and another 1.8 1553 he was able to gain favourable credit rating as he had systematic way of repaying debt

Question 5

Grand parti de lyons (special treasury)

Answer 5

1555 promised 4 annual payments installing confidence in bankers = further loans amounting to over 10mil 1555-56

Question 6

Chambre ardente

Answer 6

1547 try cases of heresy. Under authority of parlements of paris 323 tried between 1548-1550 37 executed. Demonstrates growth of calvinism

Question 7

Edict of chateaubriand

Answer 7

1551 banned printing sale possession of prot lit. Prohibiting gatherings or secret assemblies of heretics. Informers rewarded. Magistrates could search prots. Raiding hones of suspected heretics. H preoccupied in italy = heresy progressed inc support from nobility

Question 8

Calvinism 1550/60s

Answer 8

Geneva close to french trade centre of lyons. Lit smuggled into france. Calvin=french& active in writing polemics against cath. Secret underground conventicles (sprung up during 1520s) nourished by works of calvin emanating from geneva 1540s. Calvins letters to those persecuted=belonging. Genevan academy 1559= missionaries increased

Question 9

Calvinism and nobility

Answer 9

1555-62 recruitment of influential nobles. Calvin targeted nobles =benefits of their support=protection/finance/status. Bourbon family =early converts. King of navarre holdings in south west = congregations relative security. Noble support allowed calvinism to spread from cities to countryside = worship in safety on estates of nobility

Question 10

By 1559 calvinist movement

Answer 10

1558 mass demonstration in paris over 4000 gathered to sing psalms= defiance of parlement. Pastors attended to discuss matters of organisation and doctrine. =organised/unified.

Question 11

1559 calvinism movement anne du bourg

Answer 11

Minority if Supporters of parlement of paris delayed legislation unfavourable to calvinism. Anne de bourg 1559 insulted hii =imprisoned and made to reject religion

Question 12

Limitations of calvinism

Answer 12

1555-62 only 10% population were calvin=minority. North east guise held lands= calvinism little headway. Calvin=distant figure asked too much = come out in open face persecution

Question 13

Nation state

Answer 13

Continuity between louis xii and hii over issue of territorial boundaries. 1559 cateau cambresis with phillip of spain gave up french interests in italy held onto metz toul and verdin north eastern france. =gradual emergence of modern shape of france

Question 14

Relation between king and subjects

Answer 14

Continuity between francis i and hii. H continues to centralise govt to increase monarchial power and enhance effectiveness of govt. hii continued to push boundaries of taxation to limits resulting in unrest in bordeaux 1548. Strained relations with nobility on religious lines

Question 15

Religious developments

Answer 15

Turning point. Emergence of calvinism powerful noble support divides country. Calvinism grow despite royal persecution harms crown. H leaves behind unsolved religious problem for fii

Question 16

Socio economic developments

Answer 16

Turning point. Recession begins. Tax increases because crown heavily in debt to foreign bankers. Inflation unemployment - standard of living dropped. Population growth pressure on lands and food supplies.

Question 17

Death

Answer 17

1559 in celebration of cateau canbresis head wound during jousting. Death = power vacuum at court increased religious tensions