Henry 7th Flashcards
When did Henry 7th defeat Richard at Bosworth?
22 August 1485
What did Henry do to consolidate the throne?
Glorious coronation and declared his reign started on 21st of August
Married Elizabeth of York and had a son called Arthur in 1486
What happened with Lovell?
Lovell and Yorkist associates headed north to ambush king while staffords went to Worcester to stir up rebellion in the west
Henry sent army to deal with them and rebels dispersed and did calculated mercy
What happened with Simnell?
Simnell went to Ireland and gained support and was supported by Margaret of York(burgundy) who sent money and 2000 German mercenaries and battle of stoke
16th June 1487 Yorkist forces were defeated and Simnell was captured but recognised he had been merely a pawn
What happened with Warbeck?
He’s welcomed at French court, supported by Margaret of Burgundy, supported by James 4th by offering his cousin in marriage and £1200 a year
Henry executed him in 1499 and ended support from foreign powers
What happened with De La Pole?
Fled to Guisnes until he returned in 1501 and then fled to court of Maximilian with his brother
Henry convinced Philip of burgundy to surrender Edmund and he was held in Tower of London until execution by Henry 8th 1513
What was the order of the garter?
Old established honour which was in gift of crown but required no financial obligations
E.g Rhys ap Thomas
What was patronage?
The award and distribution of royal favours
What were bonds and recognizances?
An agreement to pay the king a specified sum of money if a person didn’t keep set condition
What were Acts of Attainder?
An act of parliament which declares a person guilty of treason and the loss of all their property to the crown and lose right to inherit land
What is feudal rights?
The inherit rights of a king I.e. control marriages, wardship, relief and livery
What is retaining?
Nobles recruiting followers from their lands who formed local fighting forces
What is the Kings council?
Another term for the privy council - a permanent and hand picked group of advisors
What is the great council?
A group of nobles as well as some burgesses from previous parliaments which was occasionally summoned by the monarch
What was council of north?
Responsible to defend Northern Border
Henry appointed people rather than Earl of Surrey his deputy to ensure greater loyalty
Closely related to main council
What as council of Wales?
Appointed Jasper Tudor
Put his son Arthur in control and so didn’t have to worry bout threats and had many wealth connections
What is the council of Ireland?
Ireland was big Yorkist stronghold
Direct English control limited the Pole
Relied on rule brought traditional families
What were justices of peace?
Great responsibility for conduct and management of parliamentary elections
Disperse justice in local courts
How did Henry use ordinary revenue?
Acts of Resumption
Income for wardship
Custom duties rose
However sometimes system was exploited
How did Henry use Extraordinary revenue?
Bonds and recognisances Loans and benevolence Exploited feudal dues However parliamentary taxes were unpopular and there were clerical axes Council of Learned Law was hated
What were successes and failures in Henry’s early years of foreign policy in national security?
Successes
The Peace of Ayton with Scotland
Spain promised to help if other @ war with France
Renewed treaties with France and Maximilian
Failures
Scotland didn’t abandon auld alliance
Maximilian and Spain made peace with France in 1489
What were successes and failures in Henry’s early years of foreign policy in securing the dynasty?
Successes
Arthur has marriage arrangement with Catherine of Aragon - Medina del Campo 1489
Treaty of Etaples made France give no aid to English pretenders
Treaty of Ayton 1497 meant James kicked out warbeck and married Margaret
Failure
Simnell rebellion
Scotland at firs aided warbeck
Final marriage agreement wasn’t until 1496
What were successes and failures in Henry’s early years of foreign policy in international recognitions?
Success
England invited to join Holy League
Celebrated agreement w Spain by mining a gold sovereign
Henry managed to “defeat” France most powerful county in Europe
Failure
Anti-French alliance w Spain fell brought
Arthur’s marriage wasn’t recognised by other countries
France defeated Brittany so Henry lost da edge
What were successes and failures in Henry’s early years of foreign policy in prestige?
Success
Treaty of Etaples meant France had to pay any expenses and English pension of £5k a year
Catherine’s dowry of £40,000
Medina del campo gave trade benefits
Navigation Acts limited foreign control on English trade
Failure
Catherine dowry arrived late and was only half
What were successes and failures in Henry’s later years of foreign policy in national security?
Success
Relations with France has improved
Close relations between Spain and France forced England and burgundy together
Failure
Auld alliance and alliance between Spain and France
Philip of burgundy dies so Ferdinand had full control of Spain
What were successes and failures in Henry’s later years of foreign policy in dynastic security?
Success
Margaret married James 4th in 1503
Philip of burgundy signs treaty of Windsor, giving up de la pole
Failure
Louis x11 didn’t accept marriage of Henry’s son to his niece
Elizabeth dies in 1503 an Arthur in 1502
What were successes and failures in Henry’s later years of foreign policy in international recognitions?
Success
Tried to create an anti-Ferdinand alliance which almost worked and his new league supported Henry
Arranged marriage between daughter Mary and archduke Charles son of Joanna and Philip
Failure
Ani-Ferdinand alliance fell through
Henry isolated as didn’t join new league of league of Cambrai in 1508
Death of Castile ended anti French alliance 1504
What were successes and failures in Henry’s later years of foreign policy in prosperity?
Success
Philip in debt to Henry after lending money
Income from custom revenues rose from £33,000 to £40,000 in 1509
When Philip took shelter in England, managed o negotiate free trade with burgundy, Philip couldn’t impose duties on sale of English cloth e.t.c
Failure
Spain didn’t allow access to trade in new world which Henry really hoped for
