Henry 7: Consolidation Flashcards
What battle did Henry 7 win?
Battle of Bosworth
When was Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
Who did Henry 7 defeat at Bosworth?
Richard III
Which houses fought for the crown in the Wars Of The Roses?
House Of York (white rose)
House Of Lancaster (red rose)
Was henry 7s claim to the throne strong or weak? Why?
Weak.
Descended from the illegitimate line of his mother, Margaret Beaufort.
Who were the Yorkist claimants?
Elizabeth if York (Richards sister)
Edward, Earl of Warwick
John De La Pole
Who was Richard III supposed to rule on behalf of?
Edward IV ‘s sons (the Princes in the Tower)
Which house was Henry 7 from?
Lancaster
Which house was Richard III from?
York
Where had Henry 7 been in exile since he was 14 and why?
Brittany (France)
His mother knew he was a claimant so sent him to France to escape the Yorkist king
Why was Richard 3 hated?
Was suspected to have killed his young nephews, the Princes in the Tower, and took their throne after his brothers death. As well as other crimes.
Who was William Stanley to Henry 7?
Step uncle, later the lord Chamberlain and traitor to Henry.
Executed in 1495
What was the significance of the Stanley’s at Bosworth?
Provided an army at Bosworth to fight on behalf of Henry. William aided Henry when he was confronted on the battlefield by Richard III. Helping him kill Richard and become king.
what was Henry’s 7 character?
Not brought up to rule
He was shrewd, calculating and obsessed with increasing finance
Why did Henry 7 predates his reign?
So that he could say that all those who fought against him at Bosworth were traitors and could be punished for it.
Why did Henry 7 marry Elizabeth of York?
Would officially unite the Lancastarians and the Yorkists and help end the Wars of the Roses
Why was henry crowned king in October 1846? A week before parliament met?
So it could never be said that Parliament had made Henry King. That he ruled in his own right and not his wife’s.
Why did Henry 7 begin a progress throughout the country?
To secure his position and to gain admiration in more doubtful parts of the kingdom (like the North)
Why did Henry 7 want the backing of the Pope?
To gain religious stability as Henry didn’t want to challenge the church’s authority.
What did many Yorkists see Henry 7’s ride to power as?
Usurption
What was Edward, Earl of Warwick’s claim to the throne?
Son of Edward IV’s brother, the Duke of Clarence.
What did Henry do with the Earl of Warwick at first? (1485)
Had him imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1485.
What did Henry 7 do with Edward Earl of Warwick in 1499?
He was beheaded for conspiring with Perkin Warbeck
What was John De La Pole, Earl of Lincoln’s claim to the throne?
Nephew of Edward IV and Richard III
What happened to John De La Pole?
Worked with Henry until 1485 when he fled to Bergundy. Helped Lambert Simnel’s cause.
What battle did Lincoln die at?
Stoke
Why was Lincoln (Yorkist claimant) part of the simnel rebellion and plan?
He knew that simnel was a pretender, he’d probably kill simnel and take the crown for either himself or Warwick.
Who was Margaret of Bergundy?
Sister of Edward IV and Richard III
House of York
Mother-in-law to the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximillian
Name some of the threats to Henry 7’s Position:
Lovell and the staffords
Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck
Earl of Warwick and Earl of Lincoln
‘The White Rose’ (Edmund (Suffolk) and Richard De La Pole
When was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?
1486
Why did Lovell ans Stafford rebel?
Lovell (Richard lover) and Stafford thought Henry wouldent give them any local power and was bitter about Richards usurption.
Which one of Lovell and Stafford had been attained?
Lovell
So he could be executed without trial and had his title, money and estates taken away from him.
What did lovell and Stafford try to do?
Raise support in Yorkshire and the Midlands.
Raise forces against Henry
Lovell and Stafford were in sanctuary. what does this mean?
A sacred place where, under medieval law, fugitive were immune from arrest
What happened to Lovell and Stafford?
Lovell: managed to escape to Flanders
Stafford: captured and executed. Although his younger brother and accomplice Thomas Stafford was pardoned as an act of clemency
Why was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion a fail and why is it significant?
Self interested motives meant that a lack of support and no foreign aid.
It showed the possibility of disorder and rebellion in England
Who did Sminel claim to be?
(Originally Richard Duke of york: youngest prince in the Tower)
The Earl of Warwick
What was Henry’s response to simnel impersonating Warwick?
He displayed the real Warwick (who he had locked in the Tower) publicly
Who supported Lambert Simnel?
The Irish: he was crowned Edward IV, given soldiers.
Scotland: given an army and was pursuaded to march towards England.
Margaret of Bergundy: gave him an army (gave 2000 mercenaries to invade England)
Who fought at the battle of stoke?
Why was the battle significant?
Lambert vs Henry
It showed that there was unrest and brought about the end of the wars of the Roses. Started off Henry’s paranoia
Why did simnel fail?
- English were put off by the wild Irish soldiers
- Gentry were cautious after the Lovell uprising
- Majority of people wanted peace rather than further disruption
who did warbeck claim to be from 1491?
Richard, duke of york
why was warbeck’s foreign support such a threat to henry 7?
showed the fragility of his position compared to more powerful foreign rulers
who supported warbeck?
- charles 8 of france
- margaret of bergundy
- james 4 of scotland
what did margaret of bergundy train warbeck as? what did he do there?
a potential yorkist prince, where he began drawing english courtiers into his conspiracy.
why was William Stanley’s betrayal so instrumental to henry 7?
it created a sense of paranoia in Henry as Stanley held a trusted position in his court and his privy chamber (lord Chamberlain)
when did a small scottish force invate england for warbeck (but quickly retreated)?
1496
why did scotland stop supporting warbeck?
Henry promised James IV his daughter Margaret’s hand in marriage.
when did warbeck finally surrender to the king?
1497, following the unrest caused by the cornish rebellion
Why could Henry 7 kill ‘two birds with one stone’ when it came to Warwick and Warbeck?
Warwick was the main Yorkist threat, Warbeck was an infamous pretender.
They conspired in the Tower against Henry: he used this to get rid of both significant threats on a charge of treason.
when did henry execute warwick and warbeck?
1499
what are some weaknesses of warbecks claim?
- never gained widespread, significant or localised support in england
- henry was always one step ahead due to his spy network
- all of his military campaigns were failiures (1496, 1497, 1497)
- origins were vague
- aim was to kill the king
- no noble leadership
why was warbeck such a significant threat?
- support from other powers (eg. yorkist margaret of bergundy)
- sheer longevity of the threat (8 years)
- he was old enough to rule
who were the two yorkists that posed the ‘white rose threat’?
edmund de la pole, earl of suffolk
richard de la pole
(the youger brothers to the earl of lincoln)
who promised to protect the white roses from Henry 7?
maximillain the holy roman emperor
what did henry 7 give to maximillian to get the de la poles back?
gave him £10,000 to give them back (max didnt give them back)
habsburg family recieved over £250,000 in loans, never repayed
philip of bergundy (max’s son) used henrys insecurities on ed de la pole (suffolk) to trade concessions from england
what did henry place on trade in jan 1505?
An embargo on Burgundian trade
how did isabella of castilles death lead to Suffolk (ed de la pole) being handed over to henry 7?
phillip of bergundy had suffolk in custody
when going to claim the spanish throne, storms blew him off course, landing in england.
to pay for his expedition to claim his throne, he extracted £138,000 from Henry.
in return he handed over Suffolk, who was imprisoned in the TofL
What did henry 7 do with edmund de la pole?
henry had him inprisoned i the TofL
no further action taken against him
his threat (and that of his brother) continued into henry 8’s reign, who had him executed for treason in 1513.
