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Nursing 2nd Sem > Hemotology > Flashcards

Hemotology Flashcards

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1
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Inability to clot

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2
Q

Sites of stem cell production in adults

A
  • Pelvis

- Vertebrae

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3
Q

Difference between serum and plasma?

A

Plasma still has the clotting factors while serum is plasma without the clotting factors.

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4
Q

An immature RBC

A

Reticulocyte

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5
Q

What drives the body to create new RBC (erythropoiesis)?

A

Hypoxia ( decrease o2) reaches the kidneys which release erythropoietin, which stimulates the red bone marrow, which causes erythropoiesis (creation of RBC).

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6
Q

What is Hypoxia?

A

Not enough O2 in the body

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7
Q

WBC

A

4,000-11,000 normal

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8
Q

Values for significant elevated WBC

A

15,000-20,000

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9
Q

Function of blood?

A 
-TRANSPORT
   O2, CO2, Hormones, waste, food
-PROTECTION
    Clotting, phagocytosis, antibody production
-DISTRIBUTION OF BODY HEAT
    Temp. Regulation
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10
Q

RBC

A

4-6

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11
Q

HGB/ HB

A

12-18

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12
Q

Hct

A

38-54%

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13
Q

Neutrophil values

A

3,000-7,500 (50-70%)

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14
Q

Mature neutrophils

A

“segs”

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15
Q

Immature neutrophils

A

“bands”

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16
Q

Basophils

A

granules contain heparin, seratonin, histamine, released for allergic or inflammation response.

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17
Q

Eosinophils

A

defense against parasites

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18
Q

Monocytes

A

2nd responder to neutrophils, stay longer, increase with all types of infection

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19
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B & T cells, More for autoimmune and cancer,

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20
Q

Indicies

A

physical appearance of the cell

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21
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

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22
Q

Less than 20,000 platelets

A

risk for spontaneous bleeds

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23
Q

Less than 5,000 platelets

A

fatal bleed

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24
Q

Thrombocytopnia

A

Platelets deficiency

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25
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Excessive platelets

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26
Q

100,000 platelets

A

watch out for petechiae (red dotted rash) and ecchymosis (bruising)

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27
Q

Clotting process

A

Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, platelets are activated and become sticky, unstable clot

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28
Q

Fibrin threads

A

Make unstable clots more stable

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29
Q

What are the three pathways in the clotting factors?

A

Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathways

30
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Faster pathway, for internal (within the blood), has 4 steps (XII, XI, IX, VIII)

31
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Slower pathway, For injury to tissue or vessles, has two step (Tissue Factor, VII)

32
Q

Common Pathway

A

where intrinsic and extrinsic pathways end/meet, has five steps (X, V, II, I, Fibrin Clot)

33
Q

aPTT Route

A

measures Intrinsic & Common Pathways

34
Q

PT/INR Route

A

measures Extrinsic & Common Pathways

35
Q

Increase Values of aPTT/PT

A

Clotting too slow

36
Q

Decrease Values of aPTT/PT

A

Clotting too fast (prone to clots)

37
Q

Antithrombins

A

Lysis clots by endogenous heparin (it interferes with thrombin)

38
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Lysis clots by dissolution small molecules ( Attack fibrin strands) LABS: FDP & FSP

39
Q

Mature neutrophils

A

“segs”

40
Q

Immature neutrophils

A

“bands”

41
Q

Basophils

A

granules contain heparin, seratonin, histamine, released for allergic or inflammation response.

42
Q

Eosinophils

A

defense against parasites

43
Q

Monocytes

A

2nd responder to neutrophils, stay longer, increase with all types of infection

44
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B & T cells, More for autoimmune and cancer,

45
Q

Indicies

A

physical appearance of the cell

46
Q

Platelets

A

150,000-400,000

47
Q

Thrombocytopnia

A

Platelets deficiency

48
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Excessive platelets

49
Q

100,000 platelets

A

watch out for petechiae (red dotted rash) and ecchymosis (bruising)

50
Q

Clotting process

A

Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, platelets are activated and become sticky, unstable clot

51
Q

Fibrin threads

A

Make unstable clots more stable

52
Q

What are the three pathways in the clotting factors?

A

Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Common pathways

53
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

Faster pathway, for internal (within the blood), has 4 steps (XII, XI, IX, VIII)

54
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

Slower pathway, For injury to tissue or vessles, has two step (Tissue Factor, VII)

55
Q

Common Pathway

A

where intrinsic and extrinsic pathways end/meet, has five steps (X, V, II, I, Fibrin Clot)

56
Q

aPTT Route

A

measures Intrinsic & Common Pathways

57
Q

PT/INR Route

A

measures Extrinsic & Common Pathways

58
Q

Increase Values of aPTT/PT

A

Clotting too slow

59
Q

Decrease Values of aPTT/PT

A

Clotting too fast (prone to clots)

60
Q

Antithrombins

A

Lysis clots by endogenous heparin (it interferes with thrombin)

61
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Lysis clots by dissolution small molecules ( Attack fibrin strands) LABS: FDP & FSP

62
Q

Hemodilution

A 
Hct lower than Hgb 
To much fluids
Burn pt
Not enough RBC production 
Cemo pt
63
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

Higher Htc than 3x Hgb
Not enough fluids
Too much RBC production

64
Q

Macrocytic anemias

A

B12
Pernicious anemia
Folic Acid

65
Q

Microcytic anemias

A

Iron Deficiency

66
Q

aPTT time

A

25-35sec

67
Q

PT time

A

11-16 sec

68
Q

INR time

A

2-3sec

69
Q

Coumadin antidote

A

Vitamin K

70
Q

Heparin antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

Nursing 2nd Sem (5 decks)

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