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Clin Path > Hemotology > Flashcards

Hemotology Flashcards

0
Q

What does a differential count do

A

Keep track of the different types of white blood cells

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1
Q

A small number of non-pathologic Heinz Bodies can be found in the blood of this species

A

Healthy cats

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2
Q

The basic dye in a Wrights stain is known as

A

Methylene blue

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3
Q

Name 4 common causes of Blood Loss Anemia

A

Traumatic Hemorrhage
Parasites (hookworm/fleas)
Clotting disorder
Immune mediated

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4
Q

Regenerative Anemia is

A

Anemia with an adequate increased presence of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes )

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5
Q

When examining a blood smear, what 5 things should be taken into account

A 
White blood cell differential
Red blood cell morphology
Platelet estimation
Reticulocyte count
Plasma protein concentration
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6
Q

A band cell is what type of neutrophil and takes on what shape

A

Immature and horseshoe shape

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7
Q

The light blue blood collection tube test for what

A

Coagulation

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8
Q

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia can be seen in

A

Iron deficiency and lead toxicity

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9
Q

Calculate MCHC

A

hematocrit %

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10
Q

The acid dye in a Wrights stain is known as

A

Eosin

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11
Q

Nucleated red blood cells occur when

A

The demand for red blood cells is so great that new red blood cells are release from the bone marrow

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12
Q

Name the 2 forums neutrophils can be classified as

A

Band or segmented cells

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13
Q

Platelets are not a true cell because they are

A

Fragments of a megakaryocyte

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14
Q

Avian and reptilian don’t have neutrophils, they have

A

Heterophil

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15
Q

Name the most common blood parasite in domestic animals

A

Dirofiliaria (heartworm)

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16
Q

What makes up the formed elements

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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17
Q

Hypochromasia refers to

A

Red blood cells that have a decreased density color, low hemoglobin

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18
Q

What does HCT/PCV stand for

A

Hematocrit or packed cell volume

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19
Q

Hemolytic Anemia is a result from

A

Disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed prematurely

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20
Q

Hemolytic Anemia is the result of these 2 reasons

A

Attack on the red blood cell by their own antibodies

Direct damage of the red blood cell membrane by drugs,toxins,parasite

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21
Q

What is Pack cell volume

A

% of a given volume of blood that is due to red blood cells

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22
Q

Intravascular Hemolysis occurs when

A

Damage to the red blood cell membranes lead to lysis in the blood stream which releases free hemoglobin into the plasma

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23
Q

Basophils play a role in mediating what type of reaction

A

Hypersensitivity

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24
Q

Intravascular Hemolysis can lead to

A

Hemoglobinemia (red plasma)

Hemoglobinuria (red urine)

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25
Q

(IMHA) Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia is caused by

A

Lysis of animals own RBCs by its immune system

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26
Q

Isoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is

A

Lysis of new born foals RBCs by the mothers body due to differnt blood types

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27
Q

Non-Regenerative Anemia is

A

Inadequate bone marrow production for an increase demand of RBC

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28
Q

Schistocytes are RBCs fragments that result from

A

Membrane damage due to passage through vessels

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29
Q

What information should be gathered for a Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Hemoglobin Concentration
MCV
MCH
MCHC

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30
Q

Non-Regenerative anemia can be associated with

A

Iron & B vitamin deficiencies

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31
Q

A CBC is

A

Collection of hematological test used to gather basic information about the health of an animal

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32
Q

Macrocytis can be seen in

A

Early regenerative anemia due to the presence of many reticulocytes

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33
Q

Formula to calculate a differential blood exam

A

Cell count
________________x100
Totall cell count

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34
Q

Howell Jolly Bodies are often found in responsive anemia Pt with this disorder

A

Splenic or splenectomy

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35
Q

What is symptoms

A

Subjective changes in behavior or function

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36
Q

Hypochromis is seen when

A

Rericulocytes are prominent

Iron deficiency

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37
Q

Hallmark sign for regenerative anemia

A

Increased reticulocytes in blood

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38
Q

How do you obtain a hematocrit

A

Centrifuge

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39
Q

Name the 7 colors of tubes used to collect blood

A 
Red
Red tiger
Light blue
Dark blue
Green
Lavender
Grey
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40
Q

A light blue blood collection tube has this suspended in it

A

Sodium citrate

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41
Q

A dark blue blood collection tube has this suspended in it

A

Sodium heparin

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42
Q

A green blood collection tube has this suspended in it

A

Lithium heparin

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43
Q

A grey blood collection tube has this suspended in it

A

Sodium fluoride

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44
Q

A lavender blood collection tube has this suspended in it

A

EDTA

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45
Q

Lipemia is seen in during this stage, is due to what and is what color

A

Post parental

Large number if fat globules in plasma

Creamy color

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46
Q

Spherocytes look like what under the microscope

A

Ball

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47
Q

Microcytic can been seen in

A

Iron deficiency

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48
Q

Polychromatiphilia is also known as

A

Reticulocytes

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49
Q

Neutrophils are what type of cell

A

Phagocytes

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50
Q

How is a PCV determined

A

Measure the amount of blood in the tube then centrifuge the tube and measure the amount of blood then divide that by 100

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51
Q

Rouleaux is associated with

A

Inflammatory disease

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52
Q

A CBC should include (3)

A

Hematocit or PCV
Total RBC count
Total WBC count

53
Q

Regenerative Anemia is caused by

A

Hemorrhage or hemolysis

54
Q

Old RBC are removed how

A

Phagocytic cells in the spleen, bone marrow or liver

55
Q

Schistocytes look how under the microscope

A

Triangular

56
Q

Monocytes look how under the microscope

A

Kidney bean shape

57
Q

Eosinophils stain what color

A

Pink

58
Q

Non-Regenerative Anemia is due to

A

Marrow failure or nutrient deficiency

59
Q

Basophils stain what color

A

Blue

60
Q

Regenerative Anemia is due to

A

Hemolysis or hemorrhage

61
Q

Name the plasma proteins and their %

A

Albumin 60%
Fibrinogen 4%
Globulins 36%

62
Q

Rouleaux looks how under the microscope

A

Chain form

63
Q

Rouleaux is a normal finding in these two species

A

Horse and cat

64
Q

Platelets main job is

A

Clotting

65
Q

A normal platelet count is between what and considered low if it drops lower than

A

5-25….lower then 5 is a concern

66
Q

Name 3 scopes used and what they view

A

Stereosope-macro
Light scope-micro
Electron-submicro

67
Q

The lavender blood tube test for

A

PCV or blood smears

68
Q

What is a hemocytometer

A

A microscopic slide used to count blood cells

69
Q

Target cells are known as

A

Codocytes

70
Q

RBC are also known as

A

Erythrocytes

71
Q

Excessive target cells within a blood smear may indicate

A 
Chronic disease (liver)
Iron deficiency
Splenectomy
72
Q

How long do RBC survive in circulation

A

120 days

73
Q

How long does maturation take for RBC and where do they mature

A

24-48 hours in bone marrow

74
Q

Cytaxzoon Felis is reported where, who is the primary host and how is it transmitted

A

Missouri/Oklahoma
Bobcat
Dermacentor ticks

75
Q

What is the absolute differential count d

A

Total different kinds of WBCs

76
Q

Schistocytes occur in

A

Hemolytic Anemia
Sever burns
Uremia

77
Q

MCV, MCH, MCHC are all collectively known as

A

RBC indices

78
Q

The grey color blood collection tube test for

A

Glucose

79
Q

Name the 3 layers of a blood sample that has been centrifuge

A

Plasma
Buffy coat
RBCs

80
Q

Howell Jolly Bodies look how under the microscope

A

Dark purple with a dot inside

81
Q

Normocytic normochromic anemia can be seen in

A

Chronic conditions (GI bleed or FELV)

82
Q

Acanthocytes look how under the microscope

A

Splatter

83
Q

Echinocytes look how under the microscope

A

Spiked balls

84
Q

This plasma protein maintains osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

85
Q

Echincochtes look how under the microscope

A

Spiked balls

86
Q

Name the stains used in a Wrights stain and how many seconds each dip takes

A

Fixative 30s
Eosin 60s
Methylene blue 30s

87
Q

The stereoscope uses what to view an image

A

Reflective lighting

88
Q

Macrocytic hypochromic anemia can been seen in

A

Regenerative anemia

89
Q

Hyperchromic means

A

Higher then normal red blood cell color

90
Q

Hypochromic means

A

Below normal color red blood cell

91
Q

Normochromic means

A

Red blood cells are normal color

92
Q

Increased number of Echinocytes in a blood smear can be due to

A

Aging of blood or over exposure to EDTA

93
Q

Microcytic means

A

Smaller then normal red blood cell

94
Q

Anemia can be due to

A

Abnormally low amt of blood cells in circulation
Low hemoglobin in red blood cells
Decreased number of red blood cells

95
Q

What two plasma proteins make up serum

A

Albumin and globulins

96
Q

Macrocytic means

A

Larger than normal red blood cell

97
Q

Normocytic means

A

Normal sized red blood cell

98
Q

What does a centrifuge do

A

Separates cells and particular matter from the fluid

99
Q

Equine neonatal Isoerythrolysis is

A

Life threatening anemia developed in foals after the consumption of mares milk

100
Q

Is Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia intra or extra hemolysis

A

Extra

101
Q

Is Blood Loss Anemia regenerative or non-regenerative

A

Regenerative

102
Q

Blood Loss Anemia results from

A

Loss or removal of blood from the vascular system

103
Q

What species does not release reticulocytes

A

Horses

104
Q

Name 3 ways anemia is diagnosed

A

Low hematocit (<32MCHC)

105
Q

A segmented neutrophil cell is known as and looks how under the microscope

A

Adult cell and segmented shape

106
Q

Name 5 clinical signs of anemia

A 
Fatigue
Energy loss
SOB
Tachycardia
Pale membrane
107
Q

Hyperprotienemia is

A

High plasma

108
Q

Babesiosis is know has

A

Texas fever
Red water fever
Cattle tick fever

109
Q

Hypoproteinemia is

A

Low plasma or protein

110
Q

Babesiosis is common in what species and less common is this species

A

Common is cattle not common in horses

111
Q

Acanthocytes can be seen in Pts with this

A

Liver disorder or adetalipoproteinemia

112
Q

Howell Jolly Bodies are small remnants of a nucleus and represent what

A

Factory defects

113
Q

The electron microscope uses this to view an image

A

Electrons

114
Q

Microcytic hypochromic anemia is

A

RBCs are small with low color

115
Q

Name 2 classifications of anemia based on bone marrow response

A

Regenerative or non-regenerative anemia

116
Q

Macrocytic hypochromic anemia is

A

Large RBCs with decreased color

117
Q

Name 2 types of hemolysis

A

Intravascular or extravascular

118
Q

Calculate MCV

A

Hematocrit %x10
_________________
RBC count

119
Q

The light microscope uses what to view an image

A

Transmitted light

120
Q

Hemoglobinemia is due to what, most common in and what color is it

A

Hemolysis of RBC
Immune-mediated anemia
Red but clear

121
Q

Major sign for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia found in a blood smear

A

Spherocytes

122
Q

Anemia is

A

Overall decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood

123
Q

The dark blue blood collection tube test for

A

Trace elements and heavy metal toxicology

124
Q

The green blood collection tube test for

A

Chemical test

125
Q

Anaplasmosis is seen in what animal, look like what under the microscope and resembles which RBC morphology

A

Cattle other ruminates
Small dark cocci
Howell Jolly Bodies

126
Q

Eosinophils are in abundance when

A

Parasitic infection or allergic reaction takes place

127
Q

Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is

A

Antibodies are directed against a non-red blood cell antigen on the cell (viruses)

128
Q

Primary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is

A

Antibodies are directed against normal components of the Red Blood cell

129
Q

This plasma protein is responsible for clotting

A

Fibrinogen

Clin Path (2 decks)

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