Hemotology Flashcards
What does a differential count do
Keep track of the different types of white blood cells
A small number of non-pathologic Heinz Bodies can be found in the blood of this species
Healthy cats
The basic dye in a Wrights stain is known as
Methylene blue
Name 4 common causes of Blood Loss Anemia
Traumatic Hemorrhage
Parasites (hookworm/fleas)
Clotting disorder
Immune mediated
Regenerative Anemia is
Anemia with an adequate increased presence of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes )
When examining a blood smear, what 5 things should be taken into account
White blood cell differential Red blood cell morphology Platelet estimation Reticulocyte count Plasma protein concentration
A band cell is what type of neutrophil and takes on what shape
Immature and horseshoe shape
The light blue blood collection tube test for what
Coagulation
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia can be seen in
Iron deficiency and lead toxicity
Calculate MCHC
hematocrit %
The acid dye in a Wrights stain is known as
Eosin
Nucleated red blood cells occur when
The demand for red blood cells is so great that new red blood cells are release from the bone marrow
Name the 2 forums neutrophils can be classified as
Band or segmented cells
Platelets are not a true cell because they are
Fragments of a megakaryocyte
Avian and reptilian don’t have neutrophils, they have
Heterophil
Name the most common blood parasite in domestic animals
Dirofiliaria (heartworm)
What makes up the formed elements
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Hypochromasia refers to
Red blood cells that have a decreased density color, low hemoglobin
What does HCT/PCV stand for
Hematocrit or packed cell volume
Hemolytic Anemia is a result from
Disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed prematurely
Hemolytic Anemia is the result of these 2 reasons
Attack on the red blood cell by their own antibodies
Direct damage of the red blood cell membrane by drugs,toxins,parasite
What is Pack cell volume
% of a given volume of blood that is due to red blood cells
Intravascular Hemolysis occurs when
Damage to the red blood cell membranes lead to lysis in the blood stream which releases free hemoglobin into the plasma
Basophils play a role in mediating what type of reaction
Hypersensitivity
Intravascular Hemolysis can lead to
Hemoglobinemia (red plasma)
Hemoglobinuria (red urine)
(IMHA) Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia is caused by
Lysis of animals own RBCs by its immune system
Isoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is
Lysis of new born foals RBCs by the mothers body due to differnt blood types
Non-Regenerative Anemia is
Inadequate bone marrow production for an increase demand of RBC
Schistocytes are RBCs fragments that result from
Membrane damage due to passage through vessels
What information should be gathered for a Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Hemoglobin Concentration
MCV
MCH
MCHC
Non-Regenerative anemia can be associated with
Iron & B vitamin deficiencies
A CBC is
Collection of hematological test used to gather basic information about the health of an animal
Macrocytis can be seen in
Early regenerative anemia due to the presence of many reticulocytes
Formula to calculate a differential blood exam
Cell count
________________x100
Totall cell count
Howell Jolly Bodies are often found in responsive anemia Pt with this disorder
Splenic or splenectomy
What is symptoms
Subjective changes in behavior or function
Hypochromis is seen when
Rericulocytes are prominent
Iron deficiency
Hallmark sign for regenerative anemia
Increased reticulocytes in blood
How do you obtain a hematocrit
Centrifuge
Name the 7 colors of tubes used to collect blood
Red Red tiger Light blue Dark blue Green Lavender Grey
A light blue blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Sodium citrate
A dark blue blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Sodium heparin
A green blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Lithium heparin
A grey blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Sodium fluoride
A lavender blood collection tube has this suspended in it
EDTA
Lipemia is seen in during this stage, is due to what and is what color
Post parental
Large number if fat globules in plasma
Creamy color
Spherocytes look like what under the microscope
Ball
Microcytic can been seen in
Iron deficiency
Polychromatiphilia is also known as
Reticulocytes
Neutrophils are what type of cell
Phagocytes
How is a PCV determined
Measure the amount of blood in the tube then centrifuge the tube and measure the amount of blood then divide that by 100
Rouleaux is associated with
Inflammatory disease
A CBC should include (3)
Hematocit or PCV
Total RBC count
Total WBC count
Regenerative Anemia is caused by
Hemorrhage or hemolysis
Old RBC are removed how
Phagocytic cells in the spleen, bone marrow or liver
Schistocytes look how under the microscope
Triangular
Monocytes look how under the microscope
Kidney bean shape
Eosinophils stain what color
Pink
Non-Regenerative Anemia is due to
Marrow failure or nutrient deficiency
Basophils stain what color
Blue
Regenerative Anemia is due to
Hemolysis or hemorrhage
Name the plasma proteins and their %
Albumin 60%
Fibrinogen 4%
Globulins 36%
Rouleaux looks how under the microscope
Chain form
Rouleaux is a normal finding in these two species
Horse and cat
Platelets main job is
Clotting
A normal platelet count is between what and considered low if it drops lower than
5-25….lower then 5 is a concern
Name 3 scopes used and what they view
Stereosope-macro
Light scope-micro
Electron-submicro
The lavender blood tube test for
PCV or blood smears
What is a hemocytometer
A microscopic slide used to count blood cells
Target cells are known as
Codocytes
RBC are also known as
Erythrocytes
Excessive target cells within a blood smear may indicate
Chronic disease (liver) Iron deficiency Splenectomy
How long do RBC survive in circulation
120 days
How long does maturation take for RBC and where do they mature
24-48 hours in bone marrow
Cytaxzoon Felis is reported where, who is the primary host and how is it transmitted
Missouri/Oklahoma
Bobcat
Dermacentor ticks
What is the absolute differential count d
Total different kinds of WBCs
Schistocytes occur in
Hemolytic Anemia
Sever burns
Uremia
MCV, MCH, MCHC are all collectively known as
RBC indices
The grey color blood collection tube test for
Glucose
Name the 3 layers of a blood sample that has been centrifuge
Plasma
Buffy coat
RBCs
Howell Jolly Bodies look how under the microscope
Dark purple with a dot inside
Normocytic normochromic anemia can be seen in
Chronic conditions (GI bleed or FELV)
Acanthocytes look how under the microscope
Splatter
Echinocytes look how under the microscope
Spiked balls
This plasma protein maintains osmotic pressure
Albumin
Echincochtes look how under the microscope
Spiked balls
Name the stains used in a Wrights stain and how many seconds each dip takes
Fixative 30s
Eosin 60s
Methylene blue 30s
The stereoscope uses what to view an image
Reflective lighting
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia can been seen in
Regenerative anemia
Hyperchromic means
Higher then normal red blood cell color
Hypochromic means
Below normal color red blood cell
Normochromic means
Red blood cells are normal color
Increased number of Echinocytes in a blood smear can be due to
Aging of blood or over exposure to EDTA
Microcytic means
Smaller then normal red blood cell
Anemia can be due to
Abnormally low amt of blood cells in circulation
Low hemoglobin in red blood cells
Decreased number of red blood cells
What two plasma proteins make up serum
Albumin and globulins
Macrocytic means
Larger than normal red blood cell
Normocytic means
Normal sized red blood cell
What does a centrifuge do
Separates cells and particular matter from the fluid
Equine neonatal Isoerythrolysis is
Life threatening anemia developed in foals after the consumption of mares milk
Is Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia intra or extra hemolysis
Extra
Is Blood Loss Anemia regenerative or non-regenerative
Regenerative
Blood Loss Anemia results from
Loss or removal of blood from the vascular system
What species does not release reticulocytes
Horses
Name 3 ways anemia is diagnosed
Low hematocit (<32MCHC)
A segmented neutrophil cell is known as and looks how under the microscope
Adult cell and segmented shape
Name 5 clinical signs of anemia
Fatigue Energy loss SOB Tachycardia Pale membrane
Hyperprotienemia is
High plasma
Babesiosis is know has
Texas fever
Red water fever
Cattle tick fever
Hypoproteinemia is
Low plasma or protein
Babesiosis is common in what species and less common is this species
Common is cattle not common in horses
Acanthocytes can be seen in Pts with this
Liver disorder or adetalipoproteinemia
Howell Jolly Bodies are small remnants of a nucleus and represent what
Factory defects
The electron microscope uses this to view an image
Electrons
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is
RBCs are small with low color
Name 2 classifications of anemia based on bone marrow response
Regenerative or non-regenerative anemia
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia is
Large RBCs with decreased color
Name 2 types of hemolysis
Intravascular or extravascular
Calculate MCV
Hematocrit %x10
_________________
RBC count
The light microscope uses what to view an image
Transmitted light
Hemoglobinemia is due to what, most common in and what color is it
Hemolysis of RBC
Immune-mediated anemia
Red but clear
Major sign for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia found in a blood smear
Spherocytes
Anemia is
Overall decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood
The dark blue blood collection tube test for
Trace elements and heavy metal toxicology
The green blood collection tube test for
Chemical test
Anaplasmosis is seen in what animal, look like what under the microscope and resembles which RBC morphology
Cattle other ruminates
Small dark cocci
Howell Jolly Bodies
Eosinophils are in abundance when
Parasitic infection or allergic reaction takes place
Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is
Antibodies are directed against a non-red blood cell antigen on the cell (viruses)
Primary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is
Antibodies are directed against normal components of the Red Blood cell
This plasma protein is responsible for clotting
Fibrinogen
