Hemotology Flashcards
0
Q
What does a differential count do
A
Keep track of the different types of white blood cells
1
Q
A small number of non-pathologic Heinz Bodies can be found in the blood of this species
A
Healthy cats
2
Q
The basic dye in a Wrights stain is known as
A
Methylene blue
3
Q
Name 4 common causes of Blood Loss Anemia
A
Traumatic Hemorrhage
Parasites (hookworm/fleas)
Clotting disorder
Immune mediated
4
Q
Regenerative Anemia is
A
Anemia with an adequate increased presence of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes )
5
Q
When examining a blood smear, what 5 things should be taken into account
A
White blood cell differential Red blood cell morphology Platelet estimation Reticulocyte count Plasma protein concentration
6
Q
A band cell is what type of neutrophil and takes on what shape
A
Immature and horseshoe shape
7
Q
The light blue blood collection tube test for what
A
Coagulation
8
Q
Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia can be seen in
A
Iron deficiency and lead toxicity
9
Q
Calculate MCHC
A
hematocrit %
10
Q
The acid dye in a Wrights stain is known as
A
Eosin
11
Q
Nucleated red blood cells occur when
A
The demand for red blood cells is so great that new red blood cells are release from the bone marrow
12
Q
Name the 2 forums neutrophils can be classified as
A
Band or segmented cells
13
Q
Platelets are not a true cell because they are
A
Fragments of a megakaryocyte
14
Q
Avian and reptilian don’t have neutrophils, they have
A
Heterophil
15
Q
Name the most common blood parasite in domestic animals
A
Dirofiliaria (heartworm)
16
Q
What makes up the formed elements
A
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
17
Q
Hypochromasia refers to
A
Red blood cells that have a decreased density color, low hemoglobin
18
Q
What does HCT/PCV stand for
A
Hematocrit or packed cell volume
19
Q
Hemolytic Anemia is a result from
A
Disorder in which red blood cells are destroyed prematurely
20
Q
Hemolytic Anemia is the result of these 2 reasons
A
Attack on the red blood cell by their own antibodies
Direct damage of the red blood cell membrane by drugs,toxins,parasite
21
Q
What is Pack cell volume
A
% of a given volume of blood that is due to red blood cells
22
Q
Intravascular Hemolysis occurs when
A
Damage to the red blood cell membranes lead to lysis in the blood stream which releases free hemoglobin into the plasma
23
Q
Basophils play a role in mediating what type of reaction
A
Hypersensitivity
24
Intravascular Hemolysis can lead to
Hemoglobinemia (red plasma)
Hemoglobinuria (red urine)
25
(IMHA) Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia is caused by
Lysis of animals own RBCs by its immune system
26
Isoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is
Lysis of new born foals RBCs by the mothers body due to differnt blood types
27
Non-Regenerative Anemia is
Inadequate bone marrow production for an increase demand of RBC
28
Schistocytes are RBCs fragments that result from
Membrane damage due to passage through vessels
29
What information should be gathered for a Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Hemoglobin Concentration
MCV
MCH
MCHC
30
Non-Regenerative anemia can be associated with
Iron & B vitamin deficiencies
31
A CBC is
Collection of hematological test used to gather basic information about the health of an animal
32
Macrocytis can be seen in
Early regenerative anemia due to the presence of many reticulocytes
33
Formula to calculate a differential blood exam
Cell count
________________x100
Totall cell count
34
Howell Jolly Bodies are often found in responsive anemia Pt with this disorder
Splenic or splenectomy
35
What is symptoms
Subjective changes in behavior or function
36
Hypochromis is seen when
Rericulocytes are prominent
Iron deficiency
37
Hallmark sign for regenerative anemia
Increased reticulocytes in blood
38
How do you obtain a hematocrit
Centrifuge
39
Name the 7 colors of tubes used to collect blood
```
Red
Red tiger
Light blue
Dark blue
Green
Lavender
Grey
```
40
A light blue blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Sodium citrate
41
A dark blue blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Sodium heparin
42
A green blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Lithium heparin
43
A grey blood collection tube has this suspended in it
Sodium fluoride
44
A lavender blood collection tube has this suspended in it
EDTA
45
Lipemia is seen in during this stage, is due to what and is what color
Post parental
Large number if fat globules in plasma
Creamy color
46
Spherocytes look like what under the microscope
Ball
47
Microcytic can been seen in
Iron deficiency
48
Polychromatiphilia is also known as
Reticulocytes
49
Neutrophils are what type of cell
Phagocytes
50
How is a PCV determined
Measure the amount of blood in the tube then centrifuge the tube and measure the amount of blood then divide that by 100
51
Rouleaux is associated with
Inflammatory disease
52
A CBC should include (3)
Hematocit or PCV
Total RBC count
Total WBC count
53
Regenerative Anemia is caused by
Hemorrhage or hemolysis
54
Old RBC are removed how
Phagocytic cells in the spleen, bone marrow or liver
55
Schistocytes look how under the microscope
Triangular
56
Monocytes look how under the microscope
Kidney bean shape
57
Eosinophils stain what color
Pink
58
Non-Regenerative Anemia is due to
Marrow failure or nutrient deficiency
59
Basophils stain what color
Blue
60
Regenerative Anemia is due to
Hemolysis or hemorrhage
61
Name the plasma proteins and their %
Albumin 60%
Fibrinogen 4%
Globulins 36%
62
Rouleaux looks how under the microscope
Chain form
63
Rouleaux is a normal finding in these two species
Horse and cat
64
Platelets main job is
Clotting
65
A normal platelet count is between what and considered low if it drops lower than
5-25....lower then 5 is a concern
66
Name 3 scopes used and what they view
Stereosope-macro
Light scope-micro
Electron-submicro
67
The lavender blood tube test for
PCV or blood smears
68
What is a hemocytometer
A microscopic slide used to count blood cells
69
Target cells are known as
Codocytes
70
RBC are also known as
Erythrocytes
71
Excessive target cells within a blood smear may indicate
```
Chronic disease (liver)
Iron deficiency
Splenectomy
```
72
How long do RBC survive in circulation
120 days
73
How long does maturation take for RBC and where do they mature
24-48 hours in bone marrow
74
Cytaxzoon Felis is reported where, who is the primary host and how is it transmitted
Missouri/Oklahoma
Bobcat
Dermacentor ticks
75
What is the absolute differential count d
Total different kinds of WBCs
76
Schistocytes occur in
Hemolytic Anemia
Sever burns
Uremia
77
MCV, MCH, MCHC are all collectively known as
RBC indices
78
The grey color blood collection tube test for
Glucose
79
Name the 3 layers of a blood sample that has been centrifuge
Plasma
Buffy coat
RBCs
80
Howell Jolly Bodies look how under the microscope
Dark purple with a dot inside
81
Normocytic normochromic anemia can be seen in
Chronic conditions (GI bleed or FELV)
82
Acanthocytes look how under the microscope
Splatter
83
Echinocytes look how under the microscope
Spiked balls
84
This plasma protein maintains osmotic pressure
Albumin
85
Echincochtes look how under the microscope
Spiked balls
86
Name the stains used in a Wrights stain and how many seconds each dip takes
Fixative 30s
Eosin 60s
Methylene blue 30s
87
The stereoscope uses what to view an image
Reflective lighting
88
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia can been seen in
Regenerative anemia
89
Hyperchromic means
Higher then normal red blood cell color
90
Hypochromic means
Below normal color red blood cell
91
Normochromic means
Red blood cells are normal color
92
Increased number of Echinocytes in a blood smear can be due to
Aging of blood or over exposure to EDTA
93
Microcytic means
Smaller then normal red blood cell
94
Anemia can be due to
Abnormally low amt of blood cells in circulation
Low hemoglobin in red blood cells
Decreased number of red blood cells
95
What two plasma proteins make up serum
Albumin and globulins
96
Macrocytic means
Larger than normal red blood cell
97
Normocytic means
Normal sized red blood cell
98
What does a centrifuge do
Separates cells and particular matter from the fluid
99
Equine neonatal Isoerythrolysis is
Life threatening anemia developed in foals after the consumption of mares milk
100
Is Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia intra or extra hemolysis
Extra
101
Is Blood Loss Anemia regenerative or non-regenerative
Regenerative
102
Blood Loss Anemia results from
Loss or removal of blood from the vascular system
103
What species does not release reticulocytes
Horses
104
Name 3 ways anemia is diagnosed
Low hematocit (<32MCHC)
105
A segmented neutrophil cell is known as and looks how under the microscope
Adult cell and segmented shape
106
Name 5 clinical signs of anemia
```
Fatigue
Energy loss
SOB
Tachycardia
Pale membrane
```
107
Hyperprotienemia is
High plasma
108
Babesiosis is know has
Texas fever
Red water fever
Cattle tick fever
109
Hypoproteinemia is
Low plasma or protein
110
Babesiosis is common in what species and less common is this species
Common is cattle not common in horses
111
Acanthocytes can be seen in Pts with this
Liver disorder or adetalipoproteinemia
112
Howell Jolly Bodies are small remnants of a nucleus and represent what
Factory defects
113
The electron microscope uses this to view an image
Electrons
114
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is
RBCs are small with low color
115
Name 2 classifications of anemia based on bone marrow response
Regenerative or non-regenerative anemia
116
Macrocytic hypochromic anemia is
Large RBCs with decreased color
117
Name 2 types of hemolysis
Intravascular or extravascular
118
Calculate MCV
Hematocrit %x10
_________________
RBC count
119
The light microscope uses what to view an image
Transmitted light
120
Hemoglobinemia is due to what, most common in and what color is it
Hemolysis of RBC
Immune-mediated anemia
Red but clear
121
Major sign for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia found in a blood smear
Spherocytes
122
Anemia is
Overall decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood
123
The dark blue blood collection tube test for
Trace elements and heavy metal toxicology
124
The green blood collection tube test for
Chemical test
125
Anaplasmosis is seen in what animal, look like what under the microscope and resembles which RBC morphology
Cattle other ruminates
Small dark cocci
Howell Jolly Bodies
126
Eosinophils are in abundance when
Parasitic infection or allergic reaction takes place
127
Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is
Antibodies are directed against a non-red blood cell antigen on the cell (viruses)
128
Primary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia is
Antibodies are directed against normal components of the Red Blood cell
129
This plasma protein is responsible for clotting
Fibrinogen
