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Surgical Technology > Hemostatic Agents > Flashcards

Hemostatic Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Complex process that prevents or stops blood flow from vessels in the operative site.

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2
Q

What are the purposes of hemostasis?

A

Prevents loss of patients blood; provides bloodless field for accurate dissection; helps with visibility of surgical site.

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3
Q

Name the 3 methods of Hemostasis.

A

Mechanical, thermal, pharmacological or topical

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4
Q

What are the mechanical methods of hemostasis?

A

Clamps, ligature or tie, Liga Clips, sponges, Pledgets, Bone Wax, suction, drains, tourniquets

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5
Q

Purpose of clamps:

A

Used to compress the walls of vessels together

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6
Q

Purpose of ligature/tie:

A

Placed at the base of a hemostat that has been used to clamp the end of a vessel

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7
Q

Purpose of Liga Clips:

A

Used in place of ties when many small vessels need to be ligated in a short period of time. (Made of stainless steel or titanium)

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8
Q

Purpose of sponges:

A

Used to put pressure of bleeding areas or vessels and to absorb fluids of any type. Cottonoids are a type of sponge used during neurosurgery and are placed on the surface of the brain.

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9
Q

Purpose of Pledgets:

A

Used when bleeding may occur through needle holes in blood vessels. Pledgets are made of Teflon and are used as buttresses over the suture line. Usually used in cardiovascular and peripheral vascular surgery.

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10
Q

Purpose of Bone Wax:

A

Made of refined bees wax an used to control local bleeding from bone surfaces by creating a mechanical (tamponade) barrier.

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11
Q

This mechanical method of hemostasis should be used sparingly. Can act as a foreign body and inhibit osteogenesis. Excess bone wax should be removed from the operative site.

A

Bone Wax

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12
Q

This is used in thoracic (sternal), neuro, orthopedic, and otorhinolaryngologic procedures. (mechanical method)

A

Bone Wax

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13
Q

These packets that are supplied in a foil envelopes should be opened just prior to avoid contamination. Should be softened before application by kneading or placement of foil package into warm saline.

A

Bone Wax

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14
Q

Purpose of suction:

A

Used to clear the surgical site of blood and other body fluids. Should always be available during the surgery and until the patient has left the room.

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15
Q

Purpose of drains:

A

Used to postoperatively to remove blood, fluid and air from the operative site. Removal of blood and fluids prevent edema, hematoma formation and prevents infection.

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16
Q

Purpose of tourniquets:

A

Used to create a bloodless field, to make visualizations easier and to reduce operative time. Application is dangerous. Knowledge of tourniquet related injuries must be evident to ensure safety of the patient.

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17
Q

What does applying soft cotton padding (webril) around the limb before placement of the tourniquet do?

A

Protects skin from pressure injuries.

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18
Q

Where do you place the tourniquet to prevent nerve damage?

A

Around the largest circumference of the limb.

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19
Q

When it comes to tourniquets, what does the circulator write down or record?

A

The time and pressure of inflation

20
Q

Who needs to be told when the tourniquet has been inflated for one hour an be reminded every fifteen minutes?

A

Surgeon.

21
Q

What all needs to be recorded when using tourniquets?

A

Inflation, deflation, time, and pressure

22
Q

Uses heat and is the most common means of obtaining hemostasis during surgery.

A

Thermal methods of hemostasis.

23
Q

What three methods of thermal hemostasis are most common?

A

Electrocautery, lasers, Argon Beam Coagulator

24
Q

Name the 6 methods I pharmacological/topical hemostasis.

A

“Gelfoam”, “Surgicel”, “Surgicel Nu Knit”, Avitene, Instat, and Thrombin (thrombogen)

25
Q

Topical method of hemostasis that is a structural protein found in connective tissue.

A

“Gelfoam”

26
Q

Absorbable Gelatin

A

“Gelfoam”

27
Q

This topical method of hemostasis is a available as a foam pad or powder.

A

“Gelfoam”

28
Q

When placed over an area of bleeding, this topical method of hemostasis deposits fibrin which then assists in clot formation.

A

“Gelfoam”

29
Q

This topical method of hemostasis can be used in conjunction with Thrombin and epinephrine. It can also be used dry or soaked in saline.

A

“Gelfoam”

30
Q

This topical method of hemostasis can be left in he postoperatively and takes approximately 30 days to absorb.

A

“Gelfoam”

31
Q

Also known as Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose.

A

“Surgicel”

32
Q

This topical method of hemostasis is used to assist in the control of capillary, venous, and small artery hemorrhage when ligation or other conventional methods of control are impractical or ineffective.

A

“Surgicel Nu Knit”

33
Q

What topical hemostasis method stops bleeding in 2 to 8 mins by acting as a matrix for the formation of a clot?

A

“Surgicel Nu Knit”

34
Q

This topical method of hemostasis is absorbed within 7 to 14 days with minimal tissue reaction.

A

“Surgicel Nu Knit”

35
Q

This topical method of hemostasis is safe for use near vital tissue BUT MUST BE REMOVED when used around or in the proximity of bone defects and foramina.

A

“Surgicel Nu Knit”

36
Q

What method of hemostasis is a more densely woven fabric that can be sutured and is especially appropriate for procedures involving solid organs like the liver?

A

“Surgicel Nu Knit”

37
Q

Also known as Collagen

A

Avitene

38
Q

Topical method of hemostasis prepared as a sponge like pad that can be cut to size applied directly to bleeding surfaces.

A

Instat

39
Q

With this method of hemostasis, hemostasis can be achieved in 2-5 mins.

A

Instat

40
Q

This method of hemostasis is not used in neurosurgery or ophthalmology.

A

Instat

41
Q

This is a powder form of a topical hemostasis method that is easily applied with forceps to a particular bleeding site. Good for irregular or hard to reach bleeding sites.

A

Instat MCH (microfibrillar collagen hemostat)

42
Q

What is the powder form of this method of hemostasis that is designed to be completely absorbable if left in site and also creates hemostasis in only 2-4 mins?

A

Instat MCH (microfibrillar collagen hemostat)

43
Q

Also known as Topical Thrombin

A

Thrombin or Thrombogen

44
Q

This method of hemostasis is a protein substance derived from bovine blood and is supplied as a sterile powder that has been freeze dried.

A

Thrombin

45
Q

What method of hemostasis is used in a wide variety of procedures as an aid in hemostasis whenever oozing blood from capillaries and small venules are accessible?

A

Yhrombin

46
Q

This method of hemostasis can be used via spray, powder, with Gelfoam or collagen sponge.

A

Thrombin

Surgical Technology (5 decks)

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