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Hematology > Hemostasis > Flashcards

Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Stoppage of blood flow

A

Hemostasis

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2
Q

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Anticoagoulant

A

Eacosanoid metabolite that inhibit platelet activation released by endothelial cells

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3
Q

Heparan sulfate

A

Enhances activity of antithrombin-III that inhibits thrombin

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4
Q

13-HODE

A

Prevent platelet adhesion

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5
Q

Primary Hemostasis

Blood vessels & Platelets

A

Formation of a primary hemostatic plug

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6
Q

Secondary Hemostasis

Coagulation factors

A

Formation of stable fibrin clot and fibrinolysis

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7
Q

First response to injured vessel

A

Vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Serotonin & Thromboxane A2

A

Enhances vasoconstriction

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9
Q

Platelet adhere to exposed subendothelial cells

vWF + GP Ib

A

Platelet adhesion

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10
Q

Platelet adhesion
* In-vivo
* In-vitro

A

Platelet Adhesion
* In-vivo - Collagen
* In-vitro - Glass

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11
Q

GP Ib receptor

A

receptor for vWF

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12
Q

Disease - No vwF

A

Von willebrand Disease

also dificient in Factor VIII:C

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13
Q

Disease - lack Gp 1b receptor

A

Bernard Soulier Syndrome

Giant platelet syndrome

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14
Q

Platelet activation

A

Morphologic and functional changes in platelets

platelets change shape, and undergo pseudopod formation

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15
Q

Platelet Shape

  • Resting:
  • Activated:
A

Platelet Shape

  • Resting: Biconvex
  • Activated: Spherical/Irregular shape
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16
Q

Arachidonic acid

A

Substrate that is converted to Thromboxane A2 by cyclooxygenase

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17
Q

Function - Thromboxane A2

A

Enhances platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

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18
Q

Platelet secretion

A

release of platelet granules

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19
Q

Alpha-granules

stimulate secondary hemostasis

A

All coagulation factors

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20
Q

Dense granules

stimulate primary hemostasis (platelet aggregation) *mnemonics: CAPAS

A

Calcium
ADP
Pyrophosphate
ATP
Serotonin

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21
Q

ADP

A

stimulate plalelet aggregation

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22
Q

Serotonin

A

Enhances vasoconstriction

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23
Q

Platelet aggregation

A

platelets attach to each other

Gp IIb/IIIa + Fibrinogen + Ca + ADP

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24
Q

Requires Fibrinogen and Calcium

A

Platelet aggregation

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25
Q

Gp IIb/IIIa

A

Receptor for Fibrinogen in Platelet aggregation**

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26
Q

Mediator of Platelet aggregation

A

ADP
Thrombin
Thromboxane

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27
Q

Glanzamann thrombasthenia

A

Defect in Gp IIb/IIIa

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28
Q

Gp Va

A

receptor for Thrombin

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29
Q

Mineral coagulation factor

A

Ca/Factor IV

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30
Q

Labile factor

A

Factor IV

Preffered name: Proaccelerin

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31
Q

Stable factor

A

Factor VII

Preffered name: Proconvertin

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32
Q

Antihemophilic factor

A

Factor VIII:c

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33
Q

Christmas factor

A

Factor IX

Plasma thromboplastin component

34
Q

Stuart Prower factor

A

Factor X

35
Q

Glass/Contact factor

A

factor XII

36
Q

Laki-lorand factor

A

Factor XIII

Fibrin stabilizing factor

37
Q

Fletcher factor

A

Prekallikrein

38
Q

Fitzgeral factor

A

HMWK

39
Q

Coagulation Factors - Intrinsic Pathway

A

F XII
FXI
FIX
FVIII
Ca
PL

40
Q

Coagulation Factors - Extrinsic Pathway

A

F IV
F VII
Ca
PL

41
Q

Coagulation Factors - Common Pathway

A

F X
F V
F II
F I
F XIII
Ca
PL

42
Q

Zymogens

A

Inactive enzyme or precursors

43
Q

Serine Protease

A

Active enzyme

44
Q

Cofactors

aids in activation of zymogens to activate enzyme

A

Factor V
Factor VIII
Factor III
HMWK

45
Q

Classification - Factor XIII

A

Serum transglutaminase

46
Q

Activation - Intrinsic Pathway
* In vivo
* In vitro

A

Activation - Intrinsic Pathway
* In vivo: Exposed collagen/Negatively charged surface
* In vitro: Glass

47
Q

Directly activates IX to IXa

A

Kallikrein

48
Q

Intrinsic tenase

A

[IXa + VIIIa + Ca + PL]

49
Q

Extrinsic tenase

A

[III + VII + Ca + PL]

50
Q

Prothrombinase complex

A

[Xa + Va + Ca + PL]

Converts Prothrombin to Thrombin

51
Q

Activation - Extrinsic pathway

A

Release of tissue factor

52
Q

Thrombin in LOW levels

A

Activator

53
Q

Function - Thrombin

A

Function - Thrombin

  1. Activate Fibrinogen to a stable fibrin clot
  2. Activate F XIII
  3. Activate F V
  4. Activate F VIII
54
Q

Vit. K dependent Prothrombin Group

A

F IX
F X
F VII
F II

reduced by warfarin & coumadin

55
Q

Gamma carboxylation

A

Addition of a second carboxyl groups which enables them to bind with Ca2+ and PL to form coagulation complex

56
Q

Warfarin & Coumadin

A

Vitamin K antagonist Oral anticoagulants

57
Q

PIVKAs/ des-gamma carboxyl proteins

A

Vit. K dependent procoagulants without second carboxyl group to the gamma carbon

58
Q

Contact Group

a.k.a** intrinsic accesory pathway proteins**

A

F XII
F XI
HMWK
Prekallikrein

activated when in contact with negatively charged surfaces

59
Q

Coagulation factor group that is well preserved in stored plasma

A

Prothrombin group

60
Q

Fibrinogen Group

A

Fibrinogen Group
* F I
* F V
* F VIII
* F XIII

61
Q

Storgae labile - Fibrinogen Group

A

Storgae labile - Fibrinogen Group
* F V
* F VIII

62
Q

Most concentrated coagulation factor

A

Fibrinogen

63
Q

Prothrombin group - Halflife

Least - Longest

A

VII - IX - X - II

64
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Clot lysis or dissolution

final step in coagulation

65
Q

Fibrinolysis Activators
* Intrinsic:
* Extrinsic:
* Activators in secretions:
* Therapeutic activators:

A

Fibrinolysis Activators
* Intrinsic: F XIIa, HMWK, Kallikrein
* Extrinsic: Tissu Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
* Activators in secretions: Urokinase Plasminogen activator
* Therapeutic activators: Urokinas, Streptokinase, manufactured TPAs

66
Q

Plasminogen

A

a zymogen normally present in plasma (synthesized in LIVER)

67
Q

Eosinophils

A

Stored and transportation of plasminogen

68
Q

4

A

No. of fibrin degradation products

FDP: X , Y, D, E

69
Q

Fragment X

A

largest and first fragment

70
Q

D - E - D

A

Fragment X

71
Q

D - E

A

Fragment Y

72
Q

Indicates in vivo fibrinolysis & presence of fibrin

A

D-dimer

marker of thrombosis

73
Q

a1 antiplasmin

A

major inhibitor of fibrinolysis

74
Q

First to bind in plasmin

A

a1-antiplasmin

75
Q

Anti-thrombin III

A

Principal inhibitor of Coagulation

76
Q

Protein C and S

A

Inhibit activity of F VII & F V

others: enhances fibrinolysis

77
Q

Secod to bind to plasmin

A

a2-macroglobulin

78
Q

Significance - D-dimer

applied in quantitative/semi immunoassay

A

Rule out Venous thromboembolism

79
Q

Inhibitor of thrombin

A

Fragment E

80
Q

Factors digested by Plasmin

A

Fibrinogen
Fibrin
Factor VIII
Factor V
Fibronectin

Hematology (6 decks)

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