Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Water Buffalo and Cattle Flashcards
______________ is an acute, fatal form of pasteurellosis that affects mainly _______, ______, and _______.
Hemorrhagic septicemia
water buffalo, cattle, and bison
It is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)–listed animal disease and is considered the most economically important bacterial disease of water buffalo and cattle in tropical areas of Asia
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
where water buffalo populations are high
India and other parts of southeast asia
Classical hemorrhagic septicemia as defined by the OIE is caused by
pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2 (carter and heddleston classification system)
has been identified in most areas where the disease is endemic
Serotype B:2
_______ has been found only in Africa
Serotype E:2
Common stressors associated with outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicemia include;
- High temperature and humidity
*Concurrent infection (blood parasites or foot and mouth disease)
*Poor nutrition, or work stress.
Hemorrhagic septicemia infections occur by
- Contact with infected oral or nasal secretions
- By ingestion of contaminated feed or water
Hemorrhagic septicemia begins in?
tonsils and adjacent nasopharyngeal tissues
bacteremia leads to dissemination and rapid growth of bacteria in various locations, ________, ________, _________
*Tissue injury
*a host cytokine response, and
*Release of lipopolysaccharides that results in a rapidly progressing endotoxemia
Hemorrhagic septicemia Clinical signs can appear _____________and ______________
*1–3 days after infection, and
*Death can occur within 8–24 hours after the first clinical signs develop
Water buffalo tend to have higher morbidity with more severe clinical disease than cattle
In peracute cases of hemorrhagic septicemia that result in death within ________ animals often have ______, ________, ________, and _______
8–24 hours
fever, hypersalivation,nasal discharge. and labored respiration
Clinical findings Acute disease can persist for up to______, and less often up to ______, and is characterized by _________, ________and ________, ________, ________, _________ that begins as serous and progresses to mucopurulent
3 days
5 days
fever of 104°–106°F (40°–41.1°C, apathy or restlessness, reluctance to move, hypersalivation, lacrimation, nasal discharge.
Clinical findings in Hemorrhagic septicemia
*Subcutaneous swelling in the pharyngeal region that extends to the ventral neck and brisket (and sometimes the forelimbs progressive respiratory distress
*Cyanosis
*Terminal recumbency, *Sometimes abdominal pain with diarrhea are also seen.
Clinical cases of HS affected buffaloes
*Depressed animal; *Congested mucous membranes
*Hypersalivation
*Oedema in submandibular
*Cervical region towards brisket
characteristic lesion of hemorrhagic septicemia
*Swelling of the subcutis and muscle of the submandibular region, neck, and brisket by clear to blood-tinged edema fluid.
*Serous to Serofibrinous fluid may also be present in the thorax, pericardium, and abdominal cavity.
*Congestion with petechiae and ecchymoses in tissues and on serosal surfaces, particularly in the respiratory, GI, and urinary systems.
*Hemorrhages are often most prominent in the pharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes
*Pulmonary congestion and edema, sometimes with interstitial pneumonia, and gastroenteritis
Necropsy findings of Hemorrhagic septicemia
*Haemorrhages at the serosal surface of intestine
*Peticheal haemorrhages on cardiac parenchyma
*Congested lung *Pericardial effusion
Hemorrhagic septicemia Treatment and Prevention
o Antimicrobials administered early in the disease
o Vaccination
are effective against hemorrhagic septicemia if administered very early in the disease.
antimicrobials
used effectively to treat Hemorrhagic septicemia
sulfonamides, tetracyclines, penicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, tilmicosin, and chloramphenicol
