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hemopoitin path Flashcards

1
Q

what are the lesions of Equine CID

A
  • thymus is small and obscured by mediastinal fat.
  • Tonsils, lymph nodes, and Peyer’s patches cannot be identified at necropsy
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2
Q

microscopic lesions of equine CID

A
  • thymic tissue consists of small dysplastic lobules with a variable number of Hassall’s corpuscles
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3
Q

name of the thymic tumer of lymphoid origin

A

thymic lymphoma

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4
Q

name the thymic neoplasia of epithelial origin

A

thymoma

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5
Q

which thymic tumer is associated with myasthenia gravis (which may be accompanied by megaesophagus) and immune mediated polymyositis in dogs

A

thymoma

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6
Q

what are the lesions of Thymic hemorrhage and hematomas

A
  • hemorrhage or hematomas confined to the thymus or extend into the mediastinum
  • with anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning, hemorrhages may also be at other sites (pericardial sac, mesentery, liver, peritoneum)
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7
Q

causes of spleen rupture

A
  • HBC
  • rupture of hemangio(sarco)ma, lymphosarcoma
  • splenomegaly predisposes (“pathologic rupture”) especially at sites of hematomas and infarct
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8
Q

sequela of spleen rupture

A
  • death from exsanguination.
  • healing by scarring, may have numerous fragments of spleen throughout the abdominal cavity and mesentery (splenosis or “splattered spleen syndrome”)
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9
Q

lesions of torsion in pigs and dogs

A
  • may get strangulation of one pole in the pig
  • may develop with gastric torsion in the dog
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10
Q

granular, whitish to yellow, firm, dry, encrustations on the capsule (especially along the margins) in the spleen are lesions for….

A

siderofibrosis/sidero-calcific plaques of capsule (Gamna-Gandy bodies) in aged dogs

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11
Q

what are the lesions of amylodoisis

A
  • sago spleen
  • prominent white pulp (not always detected grossly);
  • histologically, homogeneous deposits around and within lymphoid follicles, positive amyloid stains
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12
Q

what are the lesions of hemosiderosis

A
  • brown to brownish-black (if severe)
  • golden brown granules in macrophages (positive by Fe stain)
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13
Q

what are the causes of hemosiderosis

A
  • Breakdown of erythrocytes (physiologic)
  • Reduced rate of erythropoiesis (less demand for iron), e.g., anemia of chronic disease
  • hemolytic anemia (excessive erythrocytic destruction and increased stores of iron)
  • chronic heart failure
  • iron dextran injection in pigs
  • hemorrhage (trauma)
  • hematomas, infarcts
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14
Q

what are the lesions of acute passive congestion of spleen

A

swollen with blood, reddish-black to purple

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15
Q

what causes acute passive congestion

A
  1. barbiturates
  2. shock
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16
Q

what are the lesions of Chronic passive congestion of spleen

A

atrophic, fibrotic, moderate congestion

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17
Q

what are the causes of chronic passive congestion

A
  1. right heart failure
  2. portal hypertension
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18
Q

blackberry jam spleen

A

Acute splenitis

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19
Q

what are the lesions of acute splenitis

A

swollen with blood, soft

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20
Q

causes of acute splenitis

A
  • anthrax.
  • septicemia (e.g., erysipelas)
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21
Q

spleen which is swollen, red, firm with reticular cell hyperplasia

A

Hyperplastic splenitis

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22
Q

causes of Hyperplastic splenitis

A

subacute septicemia (e.g., salmonellosis)

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23
Q

multiple pale nodules or diffusely swollen and firm are all lesions of

A

Granulomatous splenitis

24
Q

causes of

A
  • TB.
  • systemic mycoses
25
Q

lesions of nodular hyperplasia

A
  • white to red, single or multiple raised nodules usually 2 cm or less in diameter;
  • histologically,variable proportions of white and red pulp
  • Sometimes with hemorrhage (-/+ hematoma)
26
Q

lesions of Extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

megakaryocytes, myeloid and erythroid precursors

27
Q

meaty spleen

A

Uniform splenomegaly with a firm consistency

28
Q

what are the lesions of funiform splenomegally with a bloody consistency (bloody spleen)

A
  • funiform splenomegally with a bloody consistency (bloody spleen)
  • Markedly enlarged, blue-black from cyanosis; often folded back on itself
29
Q

what are the lesions of splenomegally due to barbiturates

A
  • causes uniform spleenomegally with congestion ang bloody consistency (bloody spleen)
  • extremely enlarged; cut surface: bulges and oozes blood; capsule can be thin, fragile, and easily ruptured
30
Q

what are the causes of uniform splenomegaly with a bloody consistency (“bloody” spleen)

A
  • barbiturates
  • torsion
  • acute hyperemia due to bacteremia, septicemia,inflammation antrax
  • acute hemolytic anemia
31
Q

lesions of acute hyperemia

A

septicemia,bacteriremia,inflamation→Moderately enlarged and red from hyperemia/congestion; cut surface oozes blood

Anthrax
Uniformly enlarged, dark red to bluish-black; abundant unclotted blood due to extensive liquefactive necrosis

they are all lesions of bloody spleen

32
Q

what causes acute hemolytic anemia

A
  • babeosis
  • equine infectious anemia
33
Q

what are the lesions of acute hemolytic anemia in bloody spleen

A

Enlarged and congested; cut surface oozes blood; congestion is reduced with chronicity

34
Q

in meaty spleen,what is the sequela of bacteremia and low grade septicemia

A

Hyperplasia of macrophages and accumulations of neutrophils

35
Q

examples of chronic infectious diseases in meaty spleen

A
  • Histoplasmosis,
  • leishmaniasis
  • there is Macrophage hyperplasia in the red pulp to phagocytose organisms, bacteria, or parasitized erythrocytes
36
Q

chronic granulomatous disease causes which type of spleenomegally

A

meaty spleenomegally

37
Q

lymphoid hyperplasia causes which type of spleenomegally

A

meaty spleenomegally

38
Q

what are the lesions of prolonged hemolytic anemia and which type of spleenomeglly does it cause

A
  • meaty spleen
  • Spleen is firm and red but not as congested (as in acute hemolysis) since fewer rbc are pgagocytosed
  • the red pulp doesnt ooze blood
  • hyperplasia of T and B cells also contribute to spleenomegally
39
Q

equine infectious anemia causes which type of spenomegally and discuss the etiopathogenesis

A
  • meaty spleen
  • EIA has cyclical periods of viremia, immune-mediated damage to RBCs and platelets,
  • and phagocytosis to remove altered RBCs and platelets resulting in proliferation of red pulp macrophages, hyperplasia of hematopoietic cells (EMH) to replace those lost, and hyperplasia of the T- and B-lymphocyte areas
40
Q

primary tumers causes which type of splenomegally

A

meaty spleen

41
Q

what are the lesions of amyloid on the spleen

A
  • meaty spleen
  • Uniform splenomegaly: firm, rubbery to waxy, and beige to orange spleen
42
Q

causes of small lnn

A
  • lack of ag stimulation
  • starvation/cachexia/malnutrition
  • hypoplasia
  • aging
  • viral infections
    *
43
Q

what are the lesions of acute lymphadenitis

A
  • LNs enlarged, soft or firm
  • cut surface: reddened (from local hyperemia and from blood draining from an inflammatory site), +/- bulge, and wet (with blood, lymph, or pus)
  • suppuration is associated with pyogenic bacteria,
44
Q

lesions of chronic lymphadenitis

A
  • it includes encapsulated abscesses;
  • granulomatous inflammation (diffuse or focal)
45
Q

primary neoplasia of lnn

A

lymphosarcoma

46
Q

LN is enlarged, light and puffy; cut surface may be spongy are lesions of….

A

emphysema

47
Q

what are the lesions of lymphadenopathy

A
  1. gross - large, pale, solid nodes
  2. microscopic - prominent follicles, lack of cellular invasion of subcapsular sinus and capsule, preservation of lymph node architecture.
48
Q

discuss lesions of lymphoma

A
  • gross - generalized lymph node enlargement, pale, solid, may have focal hemorrhage and necrosis
  • microscopic - loss of architecture of node, sheets of neoplastic lymphocytes, mitotic figures, capsular invasion.
  • In general, lymphomas composed of small lymphocytes are slowly proliferating and poorly responsive to cytostatic chemotherapy; large cell lymphomas are highly proliferative and responsive to cytostatic chemotherapy
49
Q

discuss lymphoma in cattle

A

Enzootic bovine leukosis

  • Cause: bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a retrovirus; adult cattle (4- to 8-year-old)

Preferential location: heart, abomasum, uterus, lymph nodes, spinal canal, retro-orbital space

  • Sporadic forms - not associated with BL V; young animals
          Calf/ juvenile type (multicentric) in calves up to 6 months of age
 Thymic type (1- to 2-year-old cattle)
 Cutaneous type (skin nodules) in 2- to 3-year-old cattle
50
Q

which type of lymphoma is most common in dogs

A

multicentric→intestine,lnn,liver,spleen,

51
Q

causes of bone marrow hyperplasia

A
  • response to hypoxiemia
  • or lymphoid hypoplasia due to ag stimulation
  • secondary to other things like reactive thrombocytosis
  • idiopathic
52
Q

red, soft marrow tissue where yellow marrow is expected. are lesions of..

A

bone marrow hyperplasia

53
Q

absence of bone marrow hematopoietic tissue of a particular lineage, or if affecting all lineages

A

bone marrow aplasia

54
Q

aplasia or severe hypoplasia of all hematopoietic lineages in the bone marrow

A

aplastic anemia

55
Q

pathogenesis of bone marrow aplasia

A
  • destruction of hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells
  • disruption of normal stem cell function due to mutation perturbation of the hematopoietic microenvironment

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