Hemophilus Flashcards
What is Hemophilus?
Gram-negative coccobacilli that requires hemin (X factor) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (V factor).
What disease does Hemophilus pleuropneumoniae cause?
Contagious pleuropneumonia in swine.
What is another name for Hemophilus pleuropneumoniae?
Hemophilus parahemolyticus.
Hemophilus hemolysin activity may be enhanced by which bacterium?
Staphylococcus aureus.
What factor is Hemophilus dependent on?
V factor.
How is Hemophilus transmitted?
Through respiratory route.
What are factors that increase the severity of Hemophilus outbreaks?
Inclement weather, poor ventilation, and intercurrent infections.
At what age are pigs more susceptible to Hemophilus?
3 months old.
What plays an important role in the formation of thrombi and interlobular edema in Hemophilus infection?
Endotoxin.
Lesions of acute Hemophilus infection resemble those of what condition?
Endotoxic shock.
What causes poor clearance of organisms by lung macrophages in Hemophilus infection?
A heat-stable cytotoxin.
What cell-associated factor contributes to impaired lung macrophage function?
Heat-labile cytotoxin.
What allows Hemophilus organisms to penetrate deeper into the lungs?
Glycoproteins.
What do lesions of Hemophilus consist of?
Bronchopneumonia with fibrous pleuritis and exudative, proliferative, desquamative inflammation.
What is Hemophilus parasuis?
A species not dependent on X factor that causes respiratory tract disease and polyserositis.
What phenomenon does Hemophilus parasuis undergo?
Satellitism.
What virus predisposes swine to Hemophilus parasuis infection?
Swine influenza virus.
What does Hemophilus paragallinarum cause and what is it associated with?
Causes fowl coryza and is associated with viral infection.
True or False: Hemophilus paragallinarum requires both V and X factors.
False.
What disease does Hemophilus somnus cause?
Infectious thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle.
True or False: Hemophilus somnus is not officially a Hemophilus species.
True.
True or False: Hemophilus somnus is dependent on carbon dioxide but not on X or V factors.
True.
What is Taylorella equigenitalis formerly called?
Hemophilus equigenitalis.
How is Taylorella equigenitalis transmitted?
By stallions (during mating).
What disease does Taylorella equigenitalis cause?
Contagious equine metritis.
What is a diagnostic sign of Taylorella equigenitalis?
Presence of profuse exudate with neutrophils.
