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Heme/Onc > Hemolytic Anemias > Flashcards

Hemolytic Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Define intracorpuscular vs extracorpuscular

A

Intra: issue within the RBC
- hemoglobinopathies
- RBC membrane disorders
- RBC metabolic disorders

Extra: issue outside the RBC
- RBC destroyed by antibodies, mechanics, infections, toxins, etc

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2
Q

List some symptoms of hemolysis

A
  • anemia (fatigue, weakness, HA)
  • pallor
  • jaundice
  • scleral icterus
  • dark urine
  • splenomegaly
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3
Q

Which anemias are microcytic (MCV <80)

A
  • iron deficiency
  • thalassemia
  • chronic inflammation
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4
Q

Which anemias are normocytic (MCV 80-100)

A
  • acute bleed
  • hemolysis
  • chronic inflammation, CKD
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5
Q

Which anemias are macrocytic (MCV >100)

A
  • vit B12/folate deficiency
  • drugs/alcohol
  • liver/thyroid disease
  • reticulocytosis
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6
Q

Describe haptoglobin

A

scavenger of free Hgb from lysed cells which preserves iron important for RBC production

(Free Hgb is nephrotoxic)

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7
Q

What causes a high retic count, bilirubin, & LDH

A

lysed RBCs

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8
Q

Describe the average lifespan of a normal RBC and the RBC of someone with SCD

A

Normal = 120 days
SCD = 20 days

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9
Q

When is a transfusion indicated in an emergency situation in anemia

A
  • acute anemia (simple transfusion to baseline Hgb)
  • Acute ischemic stroke (exchange transfusion)
  • Acute pain/acute chest syndrome ONLY if severe
  • Acute priapism ONLY if complicated)
  • multiorgan failure, acute hepatopathy, sepsis (exchange)
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10
Q

What can confound newborn screening of HbSS, HbSC, S-Beta & thalassemia anemias

A

Predominance of hemoglobin F (HbF)
- as HbF declines and HbS rises symptoms then develop

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11
Q

Describe the etiology & pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia

A
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12
Q

Describe the presentation of sickle cell disease & sickle cell trait

A
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13
Q

Describe the presentation of vaso-occlusive pain crisis (acute pain episode in SCD)

A
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14
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for sickle cell anemia

A
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15
Q

Describe the treatment for sickle cell disease

A
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16
Q

Describe the treatment for an acute pain episode in SCD

17
Q

Describe the routine evals for someone with SDC

18
Q

Describe hemoglobin electrophoresis testing for sickle cell

A
  • electrical current passed through blood causing Hgb to separate into bands
  • shifted band = trait (heterozygous)
  • two bands = homozygous (affected)
19
Q

Describe the etiology of acute chest syndrome

20
Q

Describe the presentation of acute chest syndrome

21
Q

Describe the diagnostic testing for acute chest syndrome

22
Q

Describe the treatment for acute chest syndrome

Heme/Onc (16 decks)

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