Hemoglobin Flashcards
(23 cards)
ligand
molecule that binds to protein
binding site
region in protein where ligand binds
myoglobin
binds and stores oxygen in muscle tissue
hemoglobin
in red blood cells, transports oxygen and removes carbon dioxide and H+ back to lungs
heme
small-molecule porphyrin ring containing iron cation
prosthetic group
non-polypeptide unit that forms part of a protein
holoprotein
has prosthetic group
apo protein
missing prosthetic group
t state
deoxygenated, low oxygen affinity
r state
open, high oxygen affinity
allostery
binding of a ligand at one protein site affects another site allowing for regulation of activity
cooperative binding
substrate binding to one subunit changes the likelihood of substrate binding to other subunits
allosteric regulator
regulates substrate binding through own interaction with protein at a distance from its catalytic active site
BPG
binds and stabilizes central cavity in deoxygenated t state hemoglobin
left shift oxygen curve
higher Hb-O2 affinity
lower CO2
higher pH
lower temperature
right shift oxygen curve
reduced Hb-O2 affinity
higher CO2
lower pH
higher temperature
cellular immune system
targets own cells that have been infected
inflammatory T cells
humoral immune system
targets extracellular pathogens
B-lymphocytes & helper T cells
phagocytes
cells that eat invaders
macrophages
large phagocytes that ingest bacteria that are tagged by antibodies
antigens
stimulate production of antibodies
antibodies
proteins produced by B cells that bind to antigens
induced fit
conformation changes upon ligand binding
