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Parasitology > Hemoflagellates > Flashcards

Hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoflagellates that are pathogenic to man.

Nemonic: Leishmania - TBD
Tyrpanosoma - GRC

A

Leishmania: tropica
braziliensis
donovani

Trypanosoma: gambiense
rhodesiense
cruzi

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2
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of hemoflagellates?

Guide: Hemo has xbox kinect

A

Has KINETOPLAST at anterior end

Fusiform/elongated body

Large ovoidal nucleus with central karyosome

Single anterior flagellum

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3
Q

True or false hemoflagellates reproduce through binary fission

A

True

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4
Q

What is the MOT of hemoflagellates?

A

Anthropodborne

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5
Q

What are the 4 stages of development in hemoflagellates?

Nemonic: APET/LLCT

A

Amastigote / Leishmania stage

Promastigote / Leptomonas stage

Epimastigote / Crithidia stage

Trypomastigote / Tryponasoma stage

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6
Q

What is the morphological characteristics of the amastigote stage?

A

Ovoid shape

Kinetoplast near nucleus

Non-flagellated

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7
Q

What is the morphological characteristics of promastigote stage?

A

Short spindle shaped

Single flagellum arising form kinetoplast at anterior end

NO undulating membrane

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8
Q

What is the morphological characteristics of epimastigote stage?

A

Longer spindle shape

Kinetoplast centrally located

Has short undulating membrane

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9
Q

What is the morphological characteristics of trypomastigote stage?

A

Kinetoplast located POSTERIORLY to the nucleus

Similar to epimastigote

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10
Q

Amastigote - kinetoplast NEAR nucleus

Promastigote - kinetoplast ANTERIOR end with NO undulating membrane

Epimastigote - kinetoplast CENTRALLY located ANTERIOR to the nucleus WITH undulating membrane

Trypomastigote - kinetoplast located POSTERIOR to the nucleus.

A

POSITION OF KINETOPLAST

Amastigote - NEAR

Promastigote - ANTERIOR

Epimastigote - CENTRALLY, ANTERIOR to nucleus

Trypomastigote - POSTERIOR

REMEMBER 👆

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11
Q

True or false. Leishmania are facultative/opportunistic parasite.

A

False, obligate.

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12
Q

What are the primary reservoir host of Leishmania l?

A

Canine and rodents

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13
Q

True or false. All species of leishmania utilize sandfly as intermediate host.

A

True

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14
Q

True or false. All species are morphologically identical.

A

True

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15
Q

What are the 2 morphological development of leishmania that affects humans?

A

Amastigote stage

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16
Q

Where are amastigote stage of leishmania found?

A

Monocyte
Macrophage
Endothelial cells
Histocytes

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17
Q

True or false. Amastigote stage of leishmania is exclusive to invertebrates.

A

False, only vertebrates.

18
Q

True or false. Promastigote stage of leishmania is exclusive to vertebrates?

A

False, only invertebrates.

19
Q

What is the infective form of cutaneous leishmania?

A

Promastogote stage

20
Q

What are the cutaneous leishmania?

Nemonic: OLD WORLD - TroMa
NEW WORLD - MexiPeru

A

OLD WORLD: L. tropica/ Dry (tropical ulcer, oriental sore, delhi ulcer)

                    L. major / Wet (moist wet ulcer on lower limbs)

NEW WORLD: L. mexicana (chiclero ulcer)

                     L. peruviana (ulta)
21
Q

Where are the promastigote stage of leishmania found?

A

Midgut and proboscis of intermediate host (sandfly)

22
Q

What sandfly genus does cutaneous leishmania need?

A

Phlebotomous sandfly

23
Q

Characteristics of lesions of cutaneous leishmania.

A

Painless red papule

Intense itchiness

24
Q

What are the treatment of cutaneous leishmania?

A 
1ST LINE DRUGS: Pentavalent 
Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) DOC for all types of leishmania.

Meglumine antimonate (Glucantime) alternate drug

2ND LINE DRUGS:

Amphotericin B (if unresponsive to pentavalent)
Pentamidine
Metronidazole
Itraconazole

25
Q

What is the dermal test for cutaneous leishmania?

A

Montenegro test

26
Q

What medium is used to culture cutaneous leishmania?

Clue: Name of persons (NNN)

A

NNN medium (Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle)

27
Q

Cutaneous leishmania are stained with?

A

Giemsa or Wright stain

28
Q

What leishmania species causes mucocutaneous leishmania?

A

Leishmania braziliensis

29
Q

What sandfly genus is needed in leishmania braziliensis?

A

Lutzomyia genus

30
Q

Where are Leishmania braziliensis found?

A

Mucous membrane of:
Nose
Mouth
Throat

31
Q

A species of leishmania that causes Tapir nose?

A

Leishmania braziliensis

32
Q

True or false. Pentostam is the drug of choice for all type of leishmaniasis.

A

True

33
Q

What are the common causative agents for visceral leishmaniasis?

A

L. donovani
L. chagasi
L. infantum

34
Q

Considered as the most severe form of leishmaniasis?

Type of leishmania that causes: Kala-azar, death fever, dumdum fever, black dse, tropical splenomegaly

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

35
Q

What genus of sandfly is needed by L. donovani & L. infantum?

A

Phlebotomous genus sandlfy

36
Q

What genus of sandlfy is needed by L. chagasi?

A

Lutzumyia genus

37
Q

What is the incubation period of visceral leishmaniasis?

A

2-18 mos

38
Q

What is the incubation period of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

1-4 weeks

39
Q

What is the incubation period of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

2-4 weeks

40
Q

A parasitic dse that parasitize cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the body (slpeen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa)

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

Parasitology (4 decks)

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