Hemoflagellates Flashcards
Hemoflagellates that are pathogenic to man.
Nemonic: Leishmania - TBD
Tyrpanosoma - GRC
Leishmania: tropica
braziliensis
donovani
Trypanosoma: gambiense
rhodesiense
cruzi
What are the morphological characteristics of hemoflagellates?
Guide: Hemo has xbox kinect
Has KINETOPLAST at anterior end
Fusiform/elongated body
Large ovoidal nucleus with central karyosome
Single anterior flagellum
True or false hemoflagellates reproduce through binary fission
True
What is the MOT of hemoflagellates?
Anthropodborne
What are the 4 stages of development in hemoflagellates?
Nemonic: APET/LLCT
Amastigote / Leishmania stage
Promastigote / Leptomonas stage
Epimastigote / Crithidia stage
Trypomastigote / Tryponasoma stage
What is the morphological characteristics of the amastigote stage?
Ovoid shape
Kinetoplast near nucleus
Non-flagellated
What is the morphological characteristics of promastigote stage?
Short spindle shaped
Single flagellum arising form kinetoplast at anterior end
NO undulating membrane
What is the morphological characteristics of epimastigote stage?
Longer spindle shape
Kinetoplast centrally located
Has short undulating membrane
What is the morphological characteristics of trypomastigote stage?
Kinetoplast located POSTERIORLY to the nucleus
Similar to epimastigote
Amastigote - kinetoplast NEAR nucleus
Promastigote - kinetoplast ANTERIOR end with NO undulating membrane
Epimastigote - kinetoplast CENTRALLY located ANTERIOR to the nucleus WITH undulating membrane
Trypomastigote - kinetoplast located POSTERIOR to the nucleus.
POSITION OF KINETOPLAST
Amastigote - NEAR
Promastigote - ANTERIOR
Epimastigote - CENTRALLY, ANTERIOR to nucleus
Trypomastigote - POSTERIOR
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True or false. Leishmania are facultative/opportunistic parasite.
False, obligate.
What are the primary reservoir host of Leishmania l?
Canine and rodents
True or false. All species of leishmania utilize sandfly as intermediate host.
True
True or false. All species are morphologically identical.
True
What are the 2 morphological development of leishmania that affects humans?
Amastigote stage
Where are amastigote stage of leishmania found?
Monocyte
Macrophage
Endothelial cells
Histocytes
True or false. Amastigote stage of leishmania is exclusive to invertebrates.
False, only vertebrates.
True or false. Promastigote stage of leishmania is exclusive to vertebrates?
False, only invertebrates.
What is the infective form of cutaneous leishmania?
Promastogote stage
What are the cutaneous leishmania?
Nemonic: OLD WORLD - TroMa
NEW WORLD - MexiPeru
OLD WORLD: L. tropica/ Dry (tropical ulcer, oriental sore, delhi ulcer)
L. major / Wet (moist wet ulcer on lower limbs)
NEW WORLD: L. mexicana (chiclero ulcer)
L. peruviana (ulta)
Where are the promastigote stage of leishmania found?
Midgut and proboscis of intermediate host (sandfly)
What sandfly genus does cutaneous leishmania need?
Phlebotomous sandfly
Characteristics of lesions of cutaneous leishmania.
Painless red papule
Intense itchiness
What are the treatment of cutaneous leishmania?
1ST LINE DRUGS: Pentavalent Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) DOC for all types of leishmania.
Meglumine antimonate (Glucantime) alternate drug
2ND LINE DRUGS:
Amphotericin B (if unresponsive to pentavalent)
Pentamidine
Metronidazole
Itraconazole
What is the dermal test for cutaneous leishmania?
Montenegro test
What medium is used to culture cutaneous leishmania?
Clue: Name of persons (NNN)
NNN medium (Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle)
Cutaneous leishmania are stained with?
Giemsa or Wright stain
What leishmania species causes mucocutaneous leishmania?
Leishmania braziliensis
What sandfly genus is needed in leishmania braziliensis?
Lutzomyia genus
Where are Leishmania braziliensis found?
Mucous membrane of:
Nose
Mouth
Throat
A species of leishmania that causes Tapir nose?
Leishmania braziliensis
True or false. Pentostam is the drug of choice for all type of leishmaniasis.
True
What are the common causative agents for visceral leishmaniasis?
L. donovani
L. chagasi
L. infantum
Considered as the most severe form of leishmaniasis?
Type of leishmania that causes: Kala-azar, death fever, dumdum fever, black dse, tropical splenomegaly
Visceral leishmaniasis
What genus of sandfly is needed by L. donovani & L. infantum?
Phlebotomous genus sandlfy
What genus of sandlfy is needed by L. chagasi?
Lutzumyia genus
What is the incubation period of visceral leishmaniasis?
2-18 mos
What is the incubation period of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
1-4 weeks
What is the incubation period of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
2-4 weeks
A parasitic dse that parasitize cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the body (slpeen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, intestinal mucosa)
Visceral leishmaniasis
