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Parasitology > Amoeba > Flashcards

Amoeba Flashcards

1
Q

What are the intestinal amoebas?

A

Entamoeba: histolytica
hartmanni
coli
polecki

Endolimax nana

Iodamoeba butschlii

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2
Q

What are the extra-intestinal amoebas

Nemonic: NEA

A

Naegleria fowleri
E. gingivalis
Acanthamoeba species

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3
Q

Entamoeba - small karyosome near center of nucleus

Endolimax - large karyosome with achromatic threads

Iodamoeba - large karyosome rich in chromatin with a single layer of periendosomal granules

A

REMEMBER 👆

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4
Q

Amoeba cyst have?

Nemonic: GMC

A

Chromatoidal bars
Glycogen vacuoles
More than 1 nucleus (usually 4)
Ovoidal/round shape

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5
Q

Amoeba trophozoite have?

A 
Bacteria & food particles
RBC fragments
Pseudopods (motility) 
Only one nucleus
Irregular in shape
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6
Q

Considered as the pathogenic amoeba in humans?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

Entamoeba histolytica causes?

Nemonic: LAAA

A

Amoebiasis
Amoebic dysentery
Amoebic hepatitis
Liver abscess

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8
Q

Refers to the life cycle in which the cyst becomes a trophozoite?

A

Excystation

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9
Q

Refers to the life cycle in which the trophozoite becomes a cyst/precyst?

A

Encystastion

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10
Q

EXcystation of E. histolytica occurs in?

A

Duodenum

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11
Q

Maturation of metacystic trophozoite (E. coli) occurs in?

A

Cecum

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12
Q

Trophozoite parasite that has a ground glass appearance?

A

E. histolytica

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13
Q

What factor initiates ENcystation of E. histolytica?

A

Unfavorable environment

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14
Q

Considered as the small race of E. histolytica.

A

E. hartmanni

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15
Q

S/Sx of E. histolytica depends on?

A

Location of parasite to host

Extent of tissue invasion

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16
Q

What are the manifestations of Amebic colitis?

A 
Abdominal pain 
Blood and mucus in stool
Diarrhea
Cramping
Anorexia 
Flatulence
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17
Q

Acanthamoeba spp can cause?

Nemonic: MADS

A

Meningoencephalitic syndrome

Amoebic keratitis

Dissemination and granuloma formation

Skin lesions

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18
Q

The diagnostic morphology/ characteristics of acanthamoeba spp trophozoite.

A

Slender hyaline projections (acanthopods)

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19
Q

A disease characterized by severe unilateral pain, with stromal infiltrates of the cornea, recurrent corneal epithelial breakdown and has corneal lesions refractory to usual medications.

A parasitic disease associated with the use of contact lenses.

A

Amoebic keratitis

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20
Q

A parasitic disease characterized by necrotizing subacute or chronic granulomatous encephalitis with trophozoite and cyst present in inflammatory cells.

A

Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis

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21
Q

True or false. Acanthamoeba spp is an opportunistic parasite to immunocompromised px.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

What is the treatment for Ancanthamoeba spp infection?

A

No treatment (trick question)

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23
Q

Corneal biopsy specimens for amoebic keratitis are stained with?

Clue: PAS

A

Giemsa or Periodic Acid Schiff

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24
Q

Naeglaria fowleri can cause?

Clue: PAM

A

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

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25
Q

N. fowleri specimen can be obtained through?

A

CSF extraction

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26
Q

It is the only amoeba that has 3 morphologic form.

Enumerate the 3 morphologic forms
Nemonic: AFC

A

Naegleria fowleri

Ameboid trophozoite
Flagellates
Cyst

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27
Q

Considered as the infective stage of N. fowleri that causes PAM (Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis)?

A

Amoeboid trophozoite

28
Q

What are the similarities morphologic characteristics of the 3 forms of N. fowleri?

A

1 nucleus

Large central karyosome

Peripheral chromatin absent

Cytoplasm is granular with vacuoles

29
Q

N. fowleri is commonly found in?

A

Contaminated warm bodies of water.

30
Q

A parasitic disease that causes rapid tissue destruction in the brain followed by sx of meningitis.

A

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis

31
Q

What parasitic form is present PAM (Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis)?

A

Ameboid trophozoite

32
Q

Defined as a diagnostic sign for meningitis in which px is unable to fully straighten leg when hip is flexed at 90 degrees because of hamstring stiffness.

A

Kernig sign

33
Q

What is the treatment for N. fowleri?

A

Amphotericin B + Rifampicin & Miconazole

34
Q

Px untreated with N. fowleri infection usually dies within?

A

3-6 days

35
Q

What amoebas are similar to E. histolytica?

A

E. dispar & E. hartmanni

36
Q

True or false Dientamoeba fragilis has trophozoite and cyst stage?

A

False, only trophozoite

37
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of Dientamoeba fragilis?

A 
Pseudopods (leaf like) 
Bacteria in food vacuoles
Binucleated 
No RBC in cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane has NO chromatin granules
38
Q

What is the main habitat Dientamoeba fragilis?

A

Large intestine

39
Q

A parasitic disease that causes low grade superficial irritation of the mucosa resulting in excess secretion of mucus, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

A

Dientamoebiasis/Hakansson’s syndrome

40
Q

What type of stool is E. histolytica trophozoites found?

A

Diarrhetic/Liquid stool/Desenteric

41
Q

Stool specimen should be examined after how many minutes?

A

Within 30 mins

42
Q

Preservatives used in preserving E. histolytica?

Nemonic: MPS

A

Merrhiolate idodine formaldehyde

Polyvinyl alchohol

Schaudinn’s fixative

43
Q

What type of stool is E. histolytica cyst found?

A

Formed/Solid stool

44
Q

Culture medium for E. histolytica

A

Dibasic medium of Beock

DR bohlav

45
Q

At what boiling point are E. histolytica cysts killed?

A

55 degrees

46
Q

What are the characteristics of Amoebic dysentery?

Nemonic: GRODA

A

Gelatinous mixture of blood, feces & mucus

Relatively copious

Offensive odor

Dark red

Acidic

47
Q

True or false. E. gingivalis has both trophozoite and cyst stage.

A

False, only trophozoite.

48
Q

What is the main habitat of E. gingivalis?

A

Mouth

49
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of E. gingivalis?

A

Food vacuoles with partly digested leukocytes

Has zone of demarcation between clear ectoplasm & granular endoplasm

Has multiple pseudopodia

Well defined karyosome near the nucleus

Nuclear membrane closely packed with chromatin granules

50
Q

What are the five stages of E. coli?

Nemonic: CMMTP

A

Cyst

Metacyst

Metacystic trophozoite

Trophozoite

Precyst

51
Q

How many nuclei does E. coli cyst usually have? Max?

A

8, 16

52
Q

What are the characteristics of a E. coli cyst?

A

Eccentrically located karyosome

No cytoplasmic inclusions

53
Q

Where does E. coli undergo excystation?

A

Small intestine

54
Q

Maturation of metacystic trophozoite to trophozoite (E. coli)

A

Large intestine

55
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of E. coli troph?

A

in NSS it is colorless

Endoplasm highly vacuolated

Karyosome eccentrically large

Nuclear membrane has coarse chromatin granules

56
Q

When does E. coli undergo encystation?

A

When there are unfavorable conditions in the LARGE INTESTINE

57
Q

Do precyst of E. coli have cytoplasmic inclusions? Yes or No? If yes what are they?

A

Yes

Glycogen mass

Chromatoidal rods

REMEMBER: CYST has no cytoplasmic inclusions.
ONLY PRECYST has inclusions

58
Q

When does an E. coli cyst considered matured?

A

When it has 8 nuclei

59
Q

True or false Endolimax nana has both trophozoite and cyst stage?

A

TRUE

60
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of Endolimax nana TROPH

A

Has NARROW RIM of cytoplasm

Subspherical nucleus with irregular nucleus.

Cytoplasm is granular and vacuolated with bacteria

61
Q

True or false. A mature Endolimax nana cyst has 1-2 nucleus.

A

False, 4 nuclei

Immature: 1-2
Mature: 4

62
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of Endolimax nana?

A

ill defined glycogen mass

Small slightly curved chromatoidal bodies

63
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of Iodamoeba butschlii TROPH?

A

Short and broad pseudopodia

Clear ectoplasm

Large Karyosome with achromatic eccentric granules on one side

64
Q

True or false. Iodamoeba butschlii TROPH is found in formed stools.

A

False, Unformed/diarrhetic stool

65
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of a Iodamoeba cyst?

Guide: Ioda’ sister has a large KID!

A

Large KIDNEY SHAPE glycogen vacuole

Irregular pyriform

Uninucleate/one nucleus

Parasitology (4 decks)

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