Hemodynamics Flashcards
Systemic circulation
1) ____ ventricle - 2)____ - 3)____ - 4)____ -
5) ____ - 6)_____ - 7)_____ - 8) ____
9) ____ atrium
1) left ventricle
2) aorta
3) arteries
4) arterioles
5) capillaries
6) venues
7) veins
8) IVC
9) right atrium
Pulmonary circulation
1) _____ ventricle -2) _____ - 3) ____ - 4)_____ - 5) ______ atrium
1) right ventricle
2) pulmonary artery
3) lungs
4) pulmonary veins
5) left atrium
Oxygen saturation is highest in the ________ & lowest in the _______
1) highest in the pulmonary veins
2) lowest in IVC/SVC
Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries to ….
Carry deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins are the only veins to …
Carry oxygenated blood
In systole LV pressures _____ rapidly to exceed aortic pressure & push a boils of blood into the arteries; contraction of the heart causes…
1) increase
2) causes expansion of the arteries
In diastole LV pressures _____ rapidly & the LV fills with blood from the LA; relaxation of the heart allows for…
1) decreases
2) arterial recoil to normal dimension
1) normal heart rate is______
2) bradycardia ______
3 tachycardia ______
1) . 60-100bpm
2) <60bpm
3) >100bpm
Heart pumps a average of _____ of blood into the AO with each contraction
70 ml
Increased heart rate leads to ….
Increased cardiac output
Cardiac function is directly related to …
The amount of blood entering the arteries
______ & _______ affect the amount of blood leaving the heart
1) peripheral resistance
2) arterial pressure
Systemic pressure is greatest at ______________ & ___________
1) greatest at the heart
2 gradually decreases as it moves distally through the system
Low peripheral resistance allows for….
Increased rate of flow
____ are responsible for regulating resistance in tissues
Arterioles
____& _____ release norepinephrine & vasoconstriction occurs
1) nerve fibers
2) adrenal glands
Adrenaline is a ______ that is produced in the ____
1) vasodilator
2) adrenal glands
Capillaries are only composed of ________ to allow perfusion of the surrounding tissues & the exchange of nutrients & waste products between blood & tissue
Intimal tissue
List the 3 different types of energy
1) kinetic
2) potential
3) gravitational
Kinetic energy is energy of ____, varies with _____& _____
1) energy of motion
2) mass & velocity squared
Greater mass = ____ kinetic energy = _____ velocity
1) more
2) greater
Greater mass = more KE = greater velocity
Potential energy is ……., such as
1) stored energy of motion
2) example: a hair spray can
_______ is the primary form of energy driving blood flow; related to the pressure distending the vessel
Potential energy
Gravitational energy is …. such as a …
1) stored energy related to elevated position
2) roller coaster (hydrostatic pressure)
Kinetic energy reduced in blood vessels due to ___, ____ & ____
1) viscosity
2) friction
3) inertia
Viscosity- thicker blood flows more _____
Increased hematocrit = ______
1) slowly
2) decreases flow
The greater the viscosity, the ______ the blood flow.
Decreased viscosity will cause _____ flow velocities
1) slower
2) elevates
Friction is layers of blood ____________ ; energy is lost in the form of _____ due to friction between layers & between blood & vessel wall
1) sliding against each other
2) heat
Movement of blood requires a ________ & ________
1) pressure difference
2) vessel to carry it
Blood flow is related to _______& ______
1) kinetic energy
2) potential energy
The moving blood represents ________
Kinetic energy
The pressure build up caused by cardiac contraction represents the ________
Potential energy
Total fluid energy is the sum of the ______, _____ & ______ components
1) gravitational
2) kinetic
3) potential energy
List the factors affecting blood flow
1-10
1) cardiac function
2) peripheral resistance
3) vessel compliance
4) tone of vascular musculature
5) pattern of branches or collaterals
6) vasoconstriction
7) vasodilation
8) viscosity
9) exercise
10) autoregulation
Inertia- energy is lost when the _____________ changes with systole & diastole of the heart
Speed of blood
Cardiac function: decreased function = _____
CHF & decreases cardiac EF can lead to ….
1) Decreased flow
2) decreased flow velocities in the arterial system
Peripheral resistance determines the __________ & is regulated by the ________
1) rate of flow in the arteries
2 regulated by arterioles
Vessel compliance: stiffer or more calcified vessels = ____________
Higher resistance flow
Tone of vascular musculature: more muscular the patient= ____ compliant vessels = ______ resistance flow
1) less
2 higher
Vasoconstriction is the _____ If vessel walks due to stimuli
List examples (4)
Tightening
Examples: cold, anxiety, smoking, norepinephrine
Vasodilation is the ______ of vessel walls due to stimuli
List examples (3)
Expansion
Examples: heat, HTN, medication, proximal stenosis
Viscosity refers to ……
Energy lost in the form of ____
The greater the viscosity, the….
1) Internal friction between the adjacent layers of a fluid
2) heat
3) greater the resistance
Viscosity is _____ related to hematocrit levels in blood
Directly related
Increased hematocrit = increased resistance = decreased velocity of flow
Polycythemia Vera can lead to ….
Decreased flow velocities throughout the arterial system
Exercise induces ______ in the large vessels supplying the skeletal muscles
Induces vasodilation
With autoregulation _______ alter resistance to flow to maintain the flow levels needed for normal function
Vascular beds
Resistance determines the ____ in the arteries & is regulated by the ________
1) Rate of flow
2) by the arterioles
Resistance varies with _____ & _____ of the vessels carrying the fluid
1) fluid properties
2) characteristics
Changes in the vessel radius have …..
The greatest effect on flow resistance
Extremities & muscles have a _________ resistance to blood flow than the organs
Much higher
As resistance increases, blood flow ______ with _______ in pressure
1) decreases
2) no change
If resistance increases, pressure must …..
Increase to maintain constant flow
Stenosis causes resistance to ______proximal to the stenosis
Resistance ______ distal to a stenosis
1) Increases
2) decreases
Increased viscosity = ______ resistance
Increased vessel length = _____ resistance
Increased vessel radius = _____ resistance
1) increased resistance
2) increased resistance
3) decreased resistance
