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Vascular registry Review > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic circulation

1) ____ ventricle - 2)____ - 3)____ - 4)____ -
5) ____ - 6)_____ - 7)_____ - 8) ____
9) ____ atrium

A

1) left ventricle
2) aorta
3) arteries
4) arterioles
5) capillaries
6) venues
7) veins
8) IVC
9) right atrium

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation

1) _____ ventricle -2) _____ - 3) ____ - 4)_____ - 5) ______ atrium

A

1) right ventricle
2) pulmonary artery
3) lungs
4) pulmonary veins
5) left atrium

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3
Q

Oxygen saturation is highest in the ________ & lowest in the _______

A

1) highest in the pulmonary veins

2) lowest in IVC/SVC

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4
Q

Pulmonary arteries are the only arteries to ….

A

Carry deoxygenated blood

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5
Q

Pulmonary veins are the only veins to …

A

Carry oxygenated blood

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6
Q

In systole LV pressures _____ rapidly to exceed aortic pressure & push a boils of blood into the arteries; contraction of the heart causes…

A

1) increase

2) causes expansion of the arteries

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7
Q

In diastole LV pressures _____ rapidly & the LV fills with blood from the LA; relaxation of the heart allows for…

A

1) decreases

2) arterial recoil to normal dimension

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8
Q

1) normal heart rate is______
2) bradycardia ______

3 tachycardia ______

A

1) . 60-100bpm
2) <60bpm
3) >100bpm

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9
Q

Heart pumps a average of _____ of blood into the AO with each contraction

A

70 ml

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10
Q

Increased heart rate leads to ….

A

Increased cardiac output

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11
Q

Cardiac function is directly related to …

A

The amount of blood entering the arteries

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12
Q

______ & _______ affect the amount of blood leaving the heart

A

1) peripheral resistance

2) arterial pressure

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13
Q

Systemic pressure is greatest at ______________ & ___________

A

1) greatest at the heart

2 gradually decreases as it moves distally through the system

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14
Q

Low peripheral resistance allows for….

A

Increased rate of flow

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15
Q

____ are responsible for regulating resistance in tissues

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

____& _____ release norepinephrine & vasoconstriction occurs

A

1) nerve fibers

2) adrenal glands

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17
Q

Adrenaline is a ______ that is produced in the ____

A

1) vasodilator

2) adrenal glands

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18
Q

Capillaries are only composed of ________ to allow perfusion of the surrounding tissues & the exchange of nutrients & waste products between blood & tissue

A

Intimal tissue

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19
Q

List the 3 different types of energy

A

1) kinetic
2) potential
3) gravitational

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20
Q

Kinetic energy is energy of ____, varies with _____& _____

A

1) energy of motion

2) mass & velocity squared

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21
Q

Greater mass = ____ kinetic energy = _____ velocity

A

1) more
2) greater

Greater mass = more KE = greater velocity

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22
Q

Potential energy is ……., such as

A

1) stored energy of motion

2) example: a hair spray can

23
Q

_______ is the primary form of energy driving blood flow; related to the pressure distending the vessel

A

Potential energy

24
Q

Gravitational energy is …. such as a …

A

1) stored energy related to elevated position

2) roller coaster (hydrostatic pressure)

25
Q

Kinetic energy reduced in blood vessels due to ___, ____ & ____

A

1) viscosity
2) friction
3) inertia

26
Q

Viscosity- thicker blood flows more _____

Increased hematocrit = ______

A

1) slowly

2) decreases flow

27
Q

The greater the viscosity, the ______ the blood flow.

Decreased viscosity will cause _____ flow velocities

A

1) slower

2) elevates

28
Q

Friction is layers of blood ____________ ; energy is lost in the form of _____ due to friction between layers & between blood & vessel wall

A

1) sliding against each other

2) heat

29
Q

Movement of blood requires a ________ & ________

A

1) pressure difference

2) vessel to carry it

30
Q

Blood flow is related to _______& ______

A

1) kinetic energy

2) potential energy

31
Q

The moving blood represents ________

A

Kinetic energy

32
Q

The pressure build up caused by cardiac contraction represents the ________

A

Potential energy

33
Q

Total fluid energy is the sum of the ______, _____ & ______ components

A

1) gravitational
2) kinetic
3) potential energy

34
Q

List the factors affecting blood flow

1-10

A

1) cardiac function
2) peripheral resistance
3) vessel compliance
4) tone of vascular musculature
5) pattern of branches or collaterals
6) vasoconstriction
7) vasodilation
8) viscosity
9) exercise
10) autoregulation

35
Q

Inertia- energy is lost when the _____________ changes with systole & diastole of the heart

A

Speed of blood

36
Q

Cardiac function: decreased function = _____

CHF & decreases cardiac EF can lead to ….

A

1) Decreased flow

2) decreased flow velocities in the arterial system

37
Q

Peripheral resistance determines the __________ & is regulated by the ________

A

1) rate of flow in the arteries

2 regulated by arterioles

38
Q

Vessel compliance: stiffer or more calcified vessels = ____________

A

Higher resistance flow

39
Q

Tone of vascular musculature: more muscular the patient= ____ compliant vessels = ______ resistance flow

A

1) less

2 higher

40
Q

Vasoconstriction is the _____ If vessel walks due to stimuli

List examples (4)

A

Tightening

Examples: cold, anxiety, smoking, norepinephrine

41
Q

Vasodilation is the ______ of vessel walls due to stimuli

List examples (3)

A

Expansion

Examples: heat, HTN, medication, proximal stenosis

42
Q

Viscosity refers to ……

Energy lost in the form of ____

The greater the viscosity, the….

A

1) Internal friction between the adjacent layers of a fluid
2) heat
3) greater the resistance

43
Q

Viscosity is _____ related to hematocrit levels in blood

A

Directly related

Increased hematocrit = increased resistance = decreased velocity of flow

44
Q

Polycythemia Vera can lead to ….

A

Decreased flow velocities throughout the arterial system

45
Q

Exercise induces ______ in the large vessels supplying the skeletal muscles

A

Induces vasodilation

46
Q

With autoregulation _______ alter resistance to flow to maintain the flow levels needed for normal function

A

Vascular beds

47
Q

Resistance determines the ____ in the arteries & is regulated by the ________

A

1) Rate of flow

2) by the arterioles

49
Q

Resistance varies with _____ & _____ of the vessels carrying the fluid

A

1) fluid properties

2) characteristics

50
Q

Changes in the vessel radius have …..

A

The greatest effect on flow resistance

51
Q

Extremities & muscles have a _________ resistance to blood flow than the organs

A

Much higher

52
Q

As resistance increases, blood flow ______ with _______ in pressure

A

1) decreases

2) no change

53
Q

If resistance increases, pressure must …..

A

Increase to maintain constant flow

54
Q

Stenosis causes resistance to ______proximal to the stenosis

Resistance ______ distal to a stenosis

A

1) Increases

2) decreases

55
Q

Increased viscosity = ______ resistance

Increased vessel length = _____ resistance

Increased vessel radius = _____ resistance

A

1) increased resistance
2) increased resistance
3) decreased resistance

Vascular registry Review (5 decks)

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