Cerebrovascular Anatomy Flashcards
The tunica intima is the ______ layer made up of _______
1) inner layer
2) endothelial cells
Tunica media is the _____ layer made up of ______
1) middle layer
2) muscle
Tunica Adventitia/Externa is the ______ layer made up of _______& _______
1) outer layer
2) epithelial cells
3) connective tissue
The right CCA originated from the ________
Innominate artery
The left CCA originates frinthe _____
Aortic arch (2nd branch from arch)
The CCA courses _____ on the _______ neck
1) cephalad
2) anterolateral neck
The CCA bifurcated at the ……
Upper boarder of the thyroid cartilage
The CCA combination of ICA & ECA flow, _____ resistance with ________
1) higher
2) good diastolic flow
The bulb area normally exhibits areas of _______ in color Doppler & short periods of _________
1) flow separation
2) systolic flow reversal (caused by swirling of the flow as it enters the enlarged segment )
The majority of the CCA blood enters the ICA due to….
Low resistance vascular bed distally
The ECA is the ______ branch of the CCA
Anterior/ medial
The ECA terminates at the _______
Superficial temporal artery
What is the first branch visualized (in most people) of the ECA?
Superior thyroidal artery
List the branches of the ECA
1) superior thyroidal artery
2) ascending pharyngeal
3) lingual
4) facial
5) maxillary
6) occipital
7) posterior auricular
8) superficial temporal
_________ used to perform the temporal tap
Superficial temporal artery
The temporal tap will demonstrate ______ during diastole
Flow oscillations
The superficial temporal artery branches connect to the ________ with potential for __________
1) supraorbital artery
2) ICA collateralization
Occipital artery branches connect to the branches the ______
Distal vertebral artery
The facial artery gives off numerous small branches before it terminates into the ______
Angular artery
ECA branches supply the _____ , _____ & ______
1) neck
2) face
3) scalp
The ECA is _____ resistance, ______ flow with ________ antegrade diastolic flow
1) high
2) pulsatile flow
3) minimal
The ICA is _______ branch of the CCA. It courses _____ to enter the cranium
1) posterior/ lateral branch
2) cephalad
Siphon area- distal ICA courses _____ then _____ then _____forming an “S”
1) anterior
2) medial
3) posterior
Siphon _____ flow & has increased risk for …..
1) reduces flow
2)flow reducing lesions
Ex: atheroma & thrombus
The ICA has ________ branches extracranial
No visible branches
Branches of the ICA supply the _____, ______,______,______,_____& ______
1) eyes
2) nose
3) forehead
4) corpus callosum
5) frontal lobe
6) parietal loves
________ is the first branch from the ICA siphon area inside the cranium
Ophthalmic artery
- NOT visiable on carotid evaluation
Ophthalmic artery branches into _____,_____& ______
1) nasal
2) frontal
3) supraorbital arteries
______ & _______ artery are the other 2 main intracranial branches of the distal ICA
1) anterior choroidal artery
2) posterior communicating artery
The ICA terminates at the…..
Bifurcation into the ACA & MCA, once it reaches the circle of Willis
The ICA supplies ______% of arterial blood to the brain
75%
The ICA has ____ resistance flow with _______ antegrade diastolic flow
1) low resistance
2) increased
* slow acceleration & deceleration of flow
Supraorbital artery originates from the _______ & joins the ______
1) ophthalmic artery
2) superficial temporal artery ( branch of the ECA)
Frontal artery originates from the ______ & joins the ______. It supplies the _____
1) ophthalmic artery
2) superficial temporal artery (branch of ECA)
3 supplies the nose
What are the 2 potential collateral pathways for ECA to ICA flow?
1) supraorbital
2) frontal artery
Vertebral arteries (VA) supply _____ of blood to the cerebrum
10-25%
VA course within foramina of the Pericles of the vertebra of _____ through _____
C6- C1
VA converge into the _______ after entering the posterior skull
Basilar artery
The _____ vertebral artery is usually larger in diameter
Left
VA branches supply the _____ & ______
1) medulla
2) inferior cerebellum
The right vertebral branches from the proximal _______. The left vertebral branches from the proximal _____
1) Right subclavian
2) left subclavian
VA flow velocities are normally _______
< 50 cm/s
VA has a similar flow pattern to the _____
ICA
- slow acceleration & deceleration with increased diastolic antegrade flow
There is no _____ innominate artery
Left
The ________________ merge at the base of your he skull to form a single basilar artery
Left & right vertebral arteries
Basilar artery branches supply the _______ & ___________
1) superior cerebellum
2) portions of the brain stem
Basilar artery bifurcated at ________ they form both ______
1) circle of Willis
2) both posterior cerebral arteries
Circle of Willis is a network of arteries that are seated on the __________
Inferior cerebrum surface
Circle of Willis supplies ….
All lobes of the cerebrum
Most common anatomy demonstrated is only seen in about ___% of patients
20%
- anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
The circle of Willis is usually complete in only ____% of patients
50%
The circle of Willis provides potential for ________ in the presence of disease
Collateral flow
The anterior cerebral artery supplies _____ & _____, ______, ________
1) frontal lobes
2) parietal lobes
3) corpus callosum
4) Cavum septum pellucidum
The middle cerebral artery supplies the ______, _____,& ______
1) frontal lobe
2) parietal love
3) temporal lobe
Posterior cerebral artery supplies _______ & _________
1) temporal
2) occipital
Superficial branches spread over the….
Surface of the brain
Ex: circle of Willis
Penetrating branches enter the brain tissue segments for ……
Nutrient exchange & neuronal function
Intracranial venous sinuses are located between the ______ & the _______ drain the cerebral blood into the ______
1) dura mater
2) periosteum
