Hemodynamics Flashcards
Preload
the pressure at a given space during diastole
Contractility
the force of contraction used to propel blood forward
Cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected from the heart per minute
4-8 L/min
Cardiac index
cardiac output based on a person’s weight and height
2.5-4.2 L/min
Afterload
the pressure that fluid must overcome
SVR
the arterial blood pressure
based off the diameter of the lumen
770-1500
What are noninvasive ways to measure hemodynamics?
Blood pressure
JVD
What is a normal JVD reading?
7-9mm
What is JVD associated with?
preload
What are invasive ways of measuring hemodynamics?
arterial pressure monitoring
central venous pressure/right atrial pressure
pulmonary artery catheterization
What supplies do you need for invasive monitoring?
invasive catheter noncompliant tubing transducer with stopcocks flush system bedside monitoring
Where is the level of the phlebostatic axis?
the 4th intercostal space
What are the sites of insertion for the arterial pressure monitoring?
radial artery
brachial artery
femoral artery
What do you check before using the radial artery for the site of insertion?
collateral blood flow through the ulnar artery to the hand
When measuring CVP/RAP what do you need to do to acquire an accurate reading?
stop the infusion going through the tubing
What is the normal value for CVP/RAP?
2-6 mmHg
What type of catheter is used for pulmonary artery catheterization?
a Swan-Ganz catheter
Where is the insertion site for the PA catheter?
the subclavian, internal jugular or femoral vein
What position is the patient put in to insert the PA catheter and why?
Trandelenburg to help increase blood flow and trap any air embolism that could potentially occur in the atrium and not put it into circulation
What is the wedge pressure/PAOP an indirect reading of?
the left side of the heart
What is the normal PAOP?
8-12 mmHg
What is the goal with hemodynamic monitoring?
to maintain adequate tissue perfusion
What does SvO2 measure?
the amount of oxygen in the mixed venous blood
What does a high SvO2 mean?
that the cells are absorbing/using enough oxygen
What does a low SvO2 mean?
the demand is higher than the supply of oxygen
What is the ScvO2
the oxygenation of the central venous blood
What is the normal value for SvO2?
60-75%
What is the normal value for ScvO2
65-85%
What is the esophageal doppler used for?
indication of how blood is flowing
can help determine if there are clots in the atrium
