Dysrhytmias Flashcards
What leads are associated with the right coronary artery?
Lead 2 and 3 and aVf
Why do you use synchorinization when cardioverting?
you want the electrical impluse to hit on the R-wave, because if it hits randomly on the rhythm it can cause the rhythm to reset and go into a more serious dysrhythmia
What is sinus tachycardia?
a response to a stimulation of the SNS
What is sinus bradycardia?
an irregularly slow rhythm, that may be normal in athletes
What is sinus arrhythmia?
a change in heart rate with respirations
What is premature atrial contractions?
a single ectopic beat from the atrial tissue that may follow or be in a T-wave
What is atrial tachycardia?
ectopic focus generates impulses faster than the AV node can conduct them
many P-waves but not all have QRS
What is wandering atrial pacemaker?
3 or more different ectopic foci followed by QRS complexes
different P-waves, narrow QRS
What is multifocal atrial tachycardia?
wandering atrial pacemaker with a rate greater than 100 bpm
What is atrial flutter?
sawtooth like P-waves
What is atrial fibrillation?
an uncountable rate or irregular rhythm caused by a quivering atrium
What is a junctional escape rhythm?
when the SA node fails to fire
AV node picks up the rhythm
What is junctional tachycardia?
when the AV node is signaling the heartbeat, but at an elevated rate for the AV node to normally fire at (greater than 60 bpm)
What are PJC’s?
an ectopic focus in the ventricle
What is PSVT?
an abrupt onset of SVT from PAC/PJC
What is premature ventricular contraction?
a common ventricular dysrhythmia caused by one or more ectopic foci
What is ventricular tachycardia?
a life threatening rhythm marked by at least 3 PVC’s in a row
What are Torsades de Pointe?
a type of ventricular tachycardia with a prolonged QT interval
What is ventricular fibrillation?
a chaotic rhythm caused by quivering ventricles
What is idioventricular rhythm?
when the SA and AV node fails so the heartbeat is generated by the Purkinje fibers
What is a 1st degree heart block?
a consistent delayed conduction through the AV node as seen by a prolonged PR interval
What is a 2nd degree heart block?
Type 1: progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a beat drops and resets
Type 2: regular P-waves with the occasionally missed QRS and frequent dropped beats
What is a 3rd degree heart block?
when the atrial rate and ventricular rate aren’t even connected because there is no conduction between the SA and AV node
atrial rate is greater than the ventricular rate
What is transcutaneous pacing?
Pacing done externally
What is transvenous pacing?
pacing done through a catheter that is inserted percutaneously into the RV and connected to an external pulse generator
What is epicardial pacing?
wires that are inserted into the epicardial wall via surgery, the wires are brought the chest wall and can attach to an external pulse generator when needed
How is a permanent pacemaker attached to the heart chambers?
via the subclavian or cephalic veins
What does a permanent pacemaker pace?
the atrium, ventricle, or both
What is the mode of a pacemaker?
Demand: only when needed
Fixed: set at a fixed rate
What is the electrical output of the pacemaker?
the amount of energy that the pacemaker puts out to cause a depolarization
What is the sensitivity of the pacemaker?
the ability of the pacemaker to recognize intrinsic activity of the heart
What is the AV internal indicator?
it determines the interval between the atrial and ventricular stimulation
only in dual-chamber pacemakers
What is failure to pace?
the pacemakers inability to initiate a stimulus
What is failure to capture?
the pacemakers inability to depolarize
electrical energy fires, but doesn’t get picked up
What is failure to sense?
the pacemakers inability to sense the patients own rhythm
Where does an inferior MI occur?
the right coronary artery
What leads would you see an inferior MI in?
Lead 2, 3, aVf
Where does an anterior MI occur?
left anterior descending artery
What leads would you see an anterior MI in?
Leads V1-V6 (the precordial leads)
Best seen in V3 and V4
Where does a lateral MI occur?
the circumflex and diagonal branch of the left anterior descending
What leads would you see a lateral MI in?
Lead 1, aVl, V5 and V6
Where does a posterior MI occur?
mid and posterior branches of the circumflex
What leads would you see a posterior MI in?
V1 and V2
