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Summer 2014 - Intro to Vascular ✔️ > Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Hemodynamics Flashcards

0
Q

what are the 2 types of directional flow

A

forward and reverse flow

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1
Q

what is hemodynamics

A

blood movement

study of blood flow or the circulation

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2
Q

what is circulation

A

flow of blood through a closed system

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3
Q

describe arterial system

A

multibranched elastic conduit that carries blood away from the heart

the heart is the pump through contractions and relaxations

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4
Q

when the heart contracts, the intended flow is forward into the _____ and ______ artery

A

aorta and pulmonary artery

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5
Q

blood flow is in _____

ability to do _____

A

motion

work

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6
Q

what is conservation of energy

A

energy is never lost only converts to another form

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7
Q

potential - _____ energy

kinetic - _____ energy

total energy = _____ + _____

A

resting - static

motion - dynamic

potential + kinetic

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8
Q

what is work

A

amount of energy transferred over time

units - joules

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9
Q

what is power

A

concentration of force per unit area

force behind fluid flow

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10
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by a fluid due to its weight or force per unit area

measured related to the heart

units - mmHG

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11
Q

factors of hydrostatic pressure

A

height of the column of blood

density of the fluid

force of gravity

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12
Q

what is energy or pressure gradient

A

pressure difference in order for blood to move

**flow is from high to low pressure

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13
Q

pressure in the left ventricle rises and blood is ejected out of the _____ valve into the _____

A

aortic valve

aorta

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14
Q

what is stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected

equal to the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume

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15
Q

heart pump generates _____ to move the blood

A

pressure (potential energy)

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16
Q

pressure gradient is the same as pressure _____

A

difference

**necessary to maintain flow

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17
Q

greater the pressure gradient, the _____ the flow rate

A

greater

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18
Q

loss in flow is due to…

A

friction

resistance

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19
Q

greater the resistance, the _____ the flow

A

lower

20
Q

what is viscosity (thickness)

A

the resistance to flow

units - poise or kilogram per meter second

21
Q

what is laminar flow

A

normal flow

layers with the highest velocities in the center stream

22
Q

types of laminar flow

A

parabolic - shape of a bullet

plug - same velocity

23
Q

energy is lost in the form of _____ due to friction

A

heat

24
Q

what is Poiseuille’s Law

A

flow rate through a cylindrical tube is directly proportional to pressure gradient, the driving pressure along the tube, and the 4th power of the radius

flow is inversely proportional to length of the tube and viscosity of the liquid

25
Q

Poiseuille’s Law - 3 primary factors that determine the resistance to blood flow within a single vessel

A

vessel diameter (radius) - MOST IMPORTANT

vessel length

viscosity of the blood

26
Q

Poiseuille’s Law relationships:

pressure and flow rate && diameter and flow rate

A

directly related

27
Q

Poiseuille’s Law relationships:

length and flow rate && viscosity and flow rate && resistance and flow rate

A

indirectly related

28
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

radius decrease, resistance _____, flow rate _____

viscosity increases, resistance _____, flow rate _____

length increases, resistance _____, flow rate _____

A

increases, decreases (for all 3)

29
Q

resistance of the arterioles accounts for about _____ of the resistance in systemic circulation

A

half

30
Q

what is Bernoulli’s Principle

A

velocity and pressure are inversely related

high velocity - low pressure
low velocity - high pressure

relationship in a stenosis

31
Q

peripheral resistance

low resistance flow - _____ diastolic flow
high resistance flow - _____ diastolic flow

A

high
low

**look at images on slide 35

32
Q

stenotic vessel might present with what

A

reduction in volume flow

bruits

spectral broadening

33
Q

what are the 2 types of flow

A

laminar - parabolic or disturbed

turbulent - chaotic or eddies

34
Q

what is Reynold’s

A

shows turbulance

***above 2000 = turbulent flow

35
Q

what can increase the Reynold’s number

A

increased flow speed and vessel radius

36
Q

what is pulsatile flow

A

non steady flow with acceleration and deceleration over the cardiac cycle

37
Q

_____ or _____ produces disturbed or turbulent flow

A

narrowing or stenosis

38
Q

what is the continuity rule

A

flow rate must be constant

39
Q

flow speed _____ at a stenosis and turbulence can occur _____

A

increases

distally

40
Q

what is bruit

A

sound produced by turbulence

41
Q

what is occlusion

A

blocked vessel - no flow - no sound (bruit)

42
Q

at the stenosis the pressure is _____…

A

less

43
Q

pressure difference - fluid _____

A

accelerates

44
Q

decreased pressure in high flow speed = _____ effect

A

Bernoulli

45
Q

what are the 3 waveforms

A

triphasic

biphasic

monophasic

46
Q

what is triphasic

A

high pulsatility

sharp upstroke in systole

forward flow

47
Q

what is biphasic flow

A

moderate pulsatility

48
Q

what is monophasic flow

A

low pulsatility

broad systolic peaks

Summer 2014 - Intro to Vascular ✔️ (7 decks)

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